Assessment of Odour Emission During the Composting Process by Using Olfactory Methods and Gas Sensor Array Measurements

The final stage of green waste treatment typically occurs in composting plants, where waste is biologically stabilised through the activity of microorganisms. The composting process is accompanied by the emission of volatile organic compounds responsible for odour perception. Such nuisance odours ar...

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Vydáno v:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Ročník 25; číslo 10; s. 3153
Hlavní autoři: Szyłak-Szydłowski, Mirosław, Kos, Wojciech, Tarakowski, Rafał, Tkaczyk, Miłosz, Borowik, Piotr
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland MDPI AG 16.05.2025
MDPI
Témata:
Air Pollutants - analysis
Biodegradation
Biological activity
Chromatography
compost
Composting
Composting - methods
Design and construction
Electronic Nose
Environmental monitoring
Environmental Monitoring - instrumentation
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Gas-detectors
Gases
Gases - analysis
Humans
Identification and classification
Measurement
Measurement techniques
measurements
Odorants - analysis
odour emission
olfactometry
Olfactometry - methods
Performance evaluation
Sensors
Soil
Surveillance
Testing
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis
waste
Poland
waste
VOC measurements
compost
olfactometry
electronic nose
odour emission
measurements
ISSN:1424-8220, 1424-8220
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Shrnutí:The final stage of green waste treatment typically occurs in composting plants, where waste is biologically stabilised through the activity of microorganisms. The composting process is accompanied by the emission of volatile organic compounds responsible for odour perception. Such nuisance odours are commonly regarded as atmospheric air pollutants and are subject to monitoring and legal regulation. Olfactometry remains the standard method for quantifying odours. Unfortunately, due to its dependence on human evaluators, it is often regarded as both labour-intensive and costly. Electronic noses are an emerging measurement method that could be used for such applications. This manuscript reports experimental measurements that were carried out at a composting facility specialising in the processing of biodegradable materials. VOC concentration was measured by the TSI OmniTrak™ Solution. The efficiency of the deodourisation process was evaluated by means of field olfactometry. A gas sensor array of a PEN3 electronic nose was used for the on-site measurements of emitted gas characteristics. A strong correlation between measurements by the three distinct techniques was confirmed. Three different phases of the composting process could be distinguished in the collected results.
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ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s25103153