Influence of SPION Surface Coating on Magnetic Properties and Theranostic Profile
This study aimed to develop multifunctional nanoplatforms for both cancer imaging and therapy using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Two distinct synthetic methods, reduction–precipitation (MR/P) and co-precipitation at controlled pH (MpH), were explored, including the assessment...
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| Vydáno v: | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Ročník 29; číslo 8; s. 1824 |
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| Abstract | This study aimed to develop multifunctional nanoplatforms for both cancer imaging and therapy using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Two distinct synthetic methods, reduction–precipitation (MR/P) and co-precipitation at controlled pH (MpH), were explored, including the assessment of the coating’s influence, namely dextran and gold, on their magnetic properties. These SPIONs were further functionalized with gadolinium to act as dual T1/T2 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Parameters such as size, stability, morphology, and magnetic behavior were evaluated by a detailed characterization analysis. To assess their efficacy in imaging and therapy, relaxivity and hyperthermia experiments were performed, respectively. The results revealed that both synthetic methods lead to SPIONs with similar average size, 9 nm. Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that samples obtained from MR/P consist of approximately 11–13% of Fe present in magnetite, while samples obtained from MpH have higher contents of 33–45%. Despite coating and functionalization, all samples exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. Hyperthermia experiments showed increased SAR values with higher magnetic field intensity and frequency. Moreover, the relaxivity studies suggested potential dual T1/T2 contrast agent capabilities for the coated SPpH-Dx-Au-Gd sample, thus demonstrating its potential in cancer diagnosis. |
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| AbstractList | This study aimed to develop multifunctional nanoplatforms for both cancer imaging and therapy using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Two distinct synthetic methods, reduction–precipitation (M[sub.R/P]) and co-precipitation at controlled pH (M[sub.pH]), were explored, including the assessment of the coating’s influence, namely dextran and gold, on their magnetic properties. These SPIONs were further functionalized with gadolinium to act as dual T1/T2 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Parameters such as size, stability, morphology, and magnetic behavior were evaluated by a detailed characterization analysis. To assess their efficacy in imaging and therapy, relaxivity and hyperthermia experiments were performed, respectively. The results revealed that both synthetic methods lead to SPIONs with similar average size, 9 nm. Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that samples obtained from M[sub.R/P] consist of approximately 11–13% of Fe present in magnetite, while samples obtained from M[sub.pH] have higher contents of 33–45%. Despite coating and functionalization, all samples exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. Hyperthermia experiments showed increased SAR values with higher magnetic field intensity and frequency. Moreover, the relaxivity studies suggested potential dual T1/T2 contrast agent capabilities for the coated SP[sub.pH]-Dx-Au-Gd sample, thus demonstrating its potential in cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to develop multifunctional nanoplatforms for both cancer imaging and therapy using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Two distinct synthetic methods, reduction-precipitation (M ) and co-precipitation at controlled pH (M ), were explored, including the assessment of the coating's influence, namely dextran and gold, on their magnetic properties. These SPIONs were further functionalized with gadolinium to act as dual T1/T2 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Parameters such as size, stability, morphology, and magnetic behavior were evaluated by a detailed characterization analysis. To assess their efficacy in imaging and therapy, relaxivity and hyperthermia experiments were performed, respectively. The results revealed that both synthetic methods lead to SPIONs with similar average size, 9 nm. Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that samples obtained from M consist of approximately 11-13% of Fe present in magnetite, while samples obtained from M have higher contents of 33-45%. Despite coating and functionalization, all samples exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. Hyperthermia experiments showed increased SAR values with higher magnetic field intensity and frequency. Moreover, the relaxivity studies suggested potential dual T1/T2 contrast agent capabilities for the coated SP -Dx-Au-Gd sample, thus demonstrating its potential in cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to develop multifunctional nanoplatforms for both cancer imaging and therapy using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Two distinct synthetic methods, reduction–precipitation (MR/P) and co-precipitation at controlled pH (MpH), were explored, including the assessment of the coating’s influence, namely dextran and gold, on their magnetic properties. These SPIONs were further functionalized with gadolinium to act as dual T1/T2 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Parameters such as size, stability, morphology, and magnetic behavior were evaluated by a detailed characterization analysis. To assess their efficacy in imaging and therapy, relaxivity and hyperthermia experiments were performed, respectively. The results revealed that both synthetic methods lead to SPIONs with similar average size, 9 nm. Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that samples obtained from MR/P consist of approximately 11–13% of Fe present in magnetite, while samples obtained from MpH have higher contents of 33–45%. Despite coating and functionalization, all samples exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. Hyperthermia experiments showed increased SAR values with higher magnetic field intensity and frequency. Moreover, the relaxivity studies suggested potential dual T1/T2 contrast agent capabilities for the coated SPpH-Dx-Au-Gd sample, thus demonstrating its potential in cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to develop multifunctional nanoplatforms for both cancer imaging and therapy using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Two distinct synthetic methods, reduction-precipitation (MR/P) and co-precipitation at controlled pH (MpH), were explored, including the assessment of the coating's influence, namely dextran and gold, on their magnetic properties. These SPIONs were further functionalized with gadolinium to act as dual T1/T2 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Parameters such as size, stability, morphology, and magnetic behavior were evaluated by a detailed characterization analysis. To assess their efficacy in imaging and therapy, relaxivity and hyperthermia experiments were performed, respectively. The results revealed that both synthetic methods lead to SPIONs with similar average size, 9 nm. Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that samples obtained from MR/P consist of approximately 11-13% of Fe present in magnetite, while samples obtained from MpH have higher contents of 33-45%. Despite coating and functionalization, all samples exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. Hyperthermia experiments showed increased SAR values with higher magnetic field intensity and frequency. Moreover, the relaxivity studies suggested potential dual T1/T2 contrast agent capabilities for the coated SPpH-Dx-Au-Gd sample, thus demonstrating its potential in cancer diagnosis.This study aimed to develop multifunctional nanoplatforms for both cancer imaging and therapy using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Two distinct synthetic methods, reduction-precipitation (MR/P) and co-precipitation at controlled pH (MpH), were explored, including the assessment of the coating's influence, namely dextran and gold, on their magnetic properties. These SPIONs were further functionalized with gadolinium to act as dual T1/T2 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Parameters such as size, stability, morphology, and magnetic behavior were evaluated by a detailed characterization analysis. To assess their efficacy in imaging and therapy, relaxivity and hyperthermia experiments were performed, respectively. The results revealed that both synthetic methods lead to SPIONs with similar average size, 9 nm. Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that samples obtained from MR/P consist of approximately 11-13% of Fe present in magnetite, while samples obtained from MpH have higher contents of 33-45%. Despite coating and functionalization, all samples exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. Hyperthermia experiments showed increased SAR values with higher magnetic field intensity and frequency. Moreover, the relaxivity studies suggested potential dual T1/T2 contrast agent capabilities for the coated SPpH-Dx-Au-Gd sample, thus demonstrating its potential in cancer diagnosis. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Lacerda, Sara Pereira, Laura C. J. Tóth, Csilla Noémi Carmezim, Maria João Morais, Beatriz Même, Sandra Ferreira-Filho, Vital Cruvinel Sousa, Célia T. Campello, Maria Paula Cabral Vieira, Bruno J. C. Waerenborgh, João Carlos Jaque, Daniel |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Vital Cruvinel orcidid: 0009-0002-1493-5950 surname: Ferreira-Filho fullname: Ferreira-Filho, Vital Cruvinel – sequence: 2 givenname: Beatriz surname: Morais fullname: Morais, Beatriz – sequence: 3 givenname: Bruno J. C. orcidid: 0000-0002-6536-9875 surname: Vieira fullname: Vieira, Bruno J. C. – sequence: 4 givenname: João Carlos orcidid: 0000-0001-6171-4099 surname: Waerenborgh fullname: Waerenborgh, João Carlos – sequence: 5 givenname: Maria João orcidid: 0000-0002-0110-187X surname: Carmezim fullname: Carmezim, Maria João – sequence: 6 givenname: Csilla Noémi surname: Tóth fullname: Tóth, Csilla Noémi – sequence: 7 givenname: Sandra surname: Même fullname: Même, Sandra – sequence: 8 givenname: Sara orcidid: 0000-0003-3865-4379 surname: Lacerda fullname: Lacerda, Sara – sequence: 9 givenname: Daniel surname: Jaque fullname: Jaque, Daniel – sequence: 10 givenname: Célia T. surname: Sousa fullname: Sousa, Célia T. – sequence: 11 givenname: Maria Paula Cabral surname: Campello fullname: Campello, Maria Paula Cabral – sequence: 12 givenname: Laura C. J. orcidid: 0000-0002-8818-0039 surname: Pereira fullname: Pereira, Laura C. J. |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1134_S2635167624601736 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsaelm_5c00830 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ceramint_2025_01_388 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ccr_2024_216286 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnhum_2025_1489940 crossref_primary_10_1002_pat_70343 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbrc_2025_152542 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matdes_2025_114269 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12032_025_02913_z crossref_primary_10_1002_adma_202507559 crossref_primary_10_1039_D5NR00608B |
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| Keywords | iron oxides nanoparticles hyperthermia magnetic resonance imaging gold nanoparticles superparamagnetism gadolinium |
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| Title | Influence of SPION Surface Coating on Magnetic Properties and Theranostic Profile |
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