Long non‐coding RNAs in development and disease: conservation to mechanisms

Our genomes contain the blueprint of what makes us human and many indications as to why we develop disease. Until the last 10 years, most studies had focussed on protein‐coding genes, more specifically DNA sequences coding for proteins. However, this represents less than 5% of our genomes. The other...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:The Journal of pathology Jg. 250; H. 5; S. 480 - 495
Hauptverfasser: Tsagakis, Ioannis, Douka, Katerina, Birds, Isabel, Aspden, Julie L
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.04.2020
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Schlagworte:
Animals
anti‐sense lncRNAs
Base Sequence - genetics
cancer
Cell Nucleus - genetics
conservation
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm - metabolism
development
diabetes
Evolutionary conservation
Genomes
Humans
Invited Review
Invited Reviews
long intergenic non‐coding RNA
long non‐coding RNA
neurodegenerative disease
Neurodegenerative Diseases - genetics
Non-coding RNA
Nucleotide sequence
Proteins - genetics
RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics
stem cells
translation
United Kingdom
X chromosome inactivation
United Kingdom
long intergenic non-coding RNA
stem cells
conservation
development
anti-sense lncRNAs
neurodegenerative disease
X chromosome inactivation
translation
cancer
long non-coding RNA
diabetes
ISSN:0022-3417, 1096-9896, 1096-9896
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:Our genomes contain the blueprint of what makes us human and many indications as to why we develop disease. Until the last 10 years, most studies had focussed on protein‐coding genes, more specifically DNA sequences coding for proteins. However, this represents less than 5% of our genomes. The other 95% is referred to as the ‘dark matter’ of our genomes, our understanding of which is extremely limited. Part of this ‘dark matter’ includes regions that give rise to RNAs that do not code for proteins. A subset of these non‐coding RNAs are long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which in particular are beginning to be dissected and their importance to human health revealed. To improve our understanding and treatment of disease it is vital that we understand the molecular and cellular function of lncRNAs, and how their misregulation can contribute to disease. It is not yet clear what proportion of lncRNAs is actually functional; conservation during evolution is being used to understand the biological importance of lncRNA. Here, we present key themes within the field of lncRNAs, emphasising the importance of their roles in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of cells, as well as patterns in their modes of action. We discuss their potential functions in development and disease using examples where we have the greatest understanding. Finally, we emphasise why lncRNAs can serve as biomarkers and discuss their emerging potential for therapy. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
No conflicts of interest were declared.
Equal first author.
ISSN:0022-3417
1096-9896
1096-9896
DOI:10.1002/path.5405