A probiotic modulates the microbiome and immunity in multiple sclerosis

Objective Effect of a probiotic on the gut microbiome and peripheral immune function in healthy controls and relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods MS patients (N = 9) and controls (N = 13) were orally administered a probiotic containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Str...

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Published in:Annals of neurology Vol. 83; no. 6; pp. 1147 - 1161
Main Authors: Tankou, Stephanie K., Regev, Keren, Healy, Brian C., Tjon, Emily, Laghi, Luca, Cox, Laura M., Kivisäkk, Pia, Pierre, Isabelle V., Hrishikesh, Lokhande, Gandhi, Roopali, Cook, Sandra, Glanz, Bonnie, Stankiewicz, James, Weiner, Howard L.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.06.2018
Subjects:
Abundance
Adult
Alleles
Bifidobacterium
Bifidobacterium - genetics
Bifidobacterium - immunology
CD80 antigen
Dendritic cells
DQA1 protein
Dysbacteriosis
Encyclopedias
Female
Fluorescence
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
Genomes
Histocompatibility antigen HLA
Humans
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity
Inflammation
Intestinal microflora
Lactobacillus
Lactobacillus - genetics
Lactobacillus - immunology
Leukocytes
Leukocytes (mononuclear)
Leukocytes, Mononuclear - metabolism
Male
Metabolism
Metabolomics
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Microbiota - genetics
Microbiota - immunology
Middle Aged
Monocytes
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis - genetics
Multiple Sclerosis - immunology
Oral administration
Patients
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Probiotics
Probiotics - metabolism
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
rRNA 16S
Supplements
Synergistic effect
Young Adult
ISSN:0364-5134, 1531-8249, 1531-8249
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Objective Effect of a probiotic on the gut microbiome and peripheral immune function in healthy controls and relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods MS patients (N = 9) and controls (N = 13) were orally administered a probiotic containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus twice‐daily for two months. Blood and stool specimens were collected at baseline, after completion of the 2‐month treatment, and 3 months after discontinuation of therapy. Frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used for immune cell profiling. Stool samples were used for 16S rRNA profiling and metabolomics. Results Probiotic administration increased the abundance of several taxa known to be depleted in MS such as Lactobacillus. We found that probiotic use decreased the abundance of taxa previously associated with dysbiosis in MS, including Akkermansia and Blautia. Predictive metagenomic analysis revealed a decrease in the abundance of several KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways associated with altered gut microbiota function in MS patients, such as methane metabolism, following probiotic supplementation. At the immune level, probiotic administration induced an anti‐inflammatory peripheral immune response characterized by decreased frequency of inflammatory monocytes, decreased mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD80 on classical monocytes, as well as decreased human leukocyte antigen (HLA) D related MFI on dendritic cells. Probiotic administration was also associated with decreased expression of MS risk allele HLA‐DQA1 in controls. Probiotic‐induced increase in abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium was associated with decreased expression of MS risk allele HLA.DPB1 in controls. Interpretation Our results suggest that probiotics could have a synergistic effect with current MS therapies. Ann Neurol 2018
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ISSN:0364-5134
1531-8249
1531-8249
DOI:10.1002/ana.25244