Patterns of pharmaceuticals use during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Athens, Greece as revealed by wastewater-based epidemiology

Since 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), impaired public health with considerable morbidity and mortality due to the lack of vaccines and effective treatment. The severe disease mainly harmed adults with predisposing medical comorbidities (such as heart disease, hype...

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Vydáno v:The Science of the total environment Ročník 798; s. 149014
Hlavní autoři: Galani, Aikaterini, Alygizakis, Nikiforos, Aalizadeh, Reza, Kastritis, Efstathios, Dimopoulos, Meletios-Athanasios, Thomaidis, Nikolaos S.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.12.2021
Témata:
acetaminophen
Adult
anti-allergic agents
Antibiotics
anticonvulsants
antihypertensive agents
antiviral agents
Antiviral drugs
Communicable Disease Control
COVID-19
COVID-19 infection
disease severity
Drug consumption changes
environment
Greece
Greece - epidemiology
heart diseases
Humans
hydrochlorothiazide
hypertension
hypoglycemic agents
morbidity
mortality
pandemic
Pandemics
Pharmaceutical Preparations
respiratory tract diseases
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
wastewater
Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring
Wastewater-based epidemiology
Wide-scope screening methods
Greece
COVID-19
Wide-scope screening methods
Antibiotics
Drug consumption changes
Antiviral drugs
Wastewater-based epidemiology
ISSN:0048-9697, 1879-1026, 1879-1026
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Shrnutí:Since 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), impaired public health with considerable morbidity and mortality due to the lack of vaccines and effective treatment. The severe disease mainly harmed adults with predisposing medical comorbidities (such as heart disease, hypertension, chronic lung disease), while it can occur in healthy individuals that may be asymptomatic. Wastewater-based Epidemiology (WBE), a non-invasive, objective, chemical tool was used to monitor and estimate the changes in drug's consumption and prescription patterns under normal conditions (2019) and under COVID-19 pandemic conditions (2020). NSAIDs, antihypertensives, diuretics, antiepileptics, antilipidemics, antibiotics, analgesics, antivirals, anticancer drugs, contrast iodinated drugs, antidiabetics, antiallergic drugs, antiulcers and other pharmaceuticals were studied in wastewater and revealed the application of various treatments during the first wave of the pandemic in Athens, Greece. Data were correlated with COVID-19 infection therapeutical plans. The result of the analysis revealed a remarkable increase for antiviral drugs (170%), hydroxychloroquine (387%), and antibiotics (57%), which were the most applied treatments against COVID-19 during the first wave in Greece. In agreement with related authorities urge, NSAIDs presented decrease (27%) during the first lockdown, while paracetamol demonstrated a remarkable increase (198%). The use levels for Angiotensin II receptor blockers such as valsartan, and co-administrated diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide, were reduced during 2020, by 32% and 26% respectively. [Display omitted] •Significant increase was observed for antiviral drugs (170%) and paracetamol (198%).•Hydroxychloroquine consumption showed a 387% increase during lockdown.•The consumption levels for hypertensive agents were reduced in 2020.•Antibiotics demonstrated a noteworthy increase (57%).•NSAIDs consumption showed a 27% decrease during lockdown.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149014