Translational and Clinical Applications of Dental Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising seed cells in tissue repair and regeneration due to their featured properties of self-renewal and multipotency. However, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that MSCs exert biological functions mainly through secreting exosomes. Exosomes, which con...

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Published in:Frontiers in genetics Vol. 12; p. 750990
Main Authors: Mai, Zizhao, Chen, Huan, Ye, Yu, Hu, Ziyu, Sun, Wenjuan, Cui, Li, Zhao, Xinyuan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A 26.10.2021
Subjects:
clinical application
dental stem cells
exosomes
Genetics
regenerative medicine
tissue repair
ISSN:1664-8021, 1664-8021
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Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising seed cells in tissue repair and regeneration due to their featured properties of self-renewal and multipotency. However, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that MSCs exert biological functions mainly through secreting exosomes. Exosomes, which contain RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, are new players in regulating many fundamental processes and play important roles in regenerative medicine. Exosomes not only mimic the effects of their parent cells but also possess many advantages such as high drug loading capacity, low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and low side effects. Currently, a total of 6 different dental stem cells (DSCs) including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have been isolated and identified. DSC-derived exosomes (DSC-Exos) are actively involved in intercellular communication, anti-inflammation, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, nurturing neurons, and promoting tumor cell apoptosis. In this review, we will critically review the emerging role and clinical application potential of DSC-Exos.
AbstractList Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising seed cells in tissue repair and regeneration due to their featured properties of self-renewal and multipotency. However, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that MSCs exert biological functions mainly through secreting exosomes. Exosomes, which contain RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, are new players in regulating many fundamental processes and play important roles in regenerative medicine. Exosomes not only mimic the effects of their parent cells but also possess many advantages such as high drug loading capacity, low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and low side effects. Currently, a total of 6 different dental stem cells (DSCs) including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have been isolated and identified. DSC-derived exosomes (DSC-Exos) are actively involved in intercellular communication, anti-inflammation, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, nurturing neurons, and promoting tumor cell apoptosis. In this review, we will critically review the emerging role and clinical application potential of DSC-Exos.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising seed cells in tissue repair and regeneration due to their featured properties of self-renewal and multipotency. However, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that MSCs exert biological functions mainly through secreting exosomes. Exosomes, which contain RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, are new players in regulating many fundamental processes and play important roles in regenerative medicine. Exosomes not only mimic the effects of their parent cells but also possess many advantages such as high drug loading capacity, low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and low side effects. Currently, a total of 6 different dental stem cells (DSCs) including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have been isolated and identified. DSC-derived exosomes (DSC-Exos) are actively involved in intercellular communication, anti-inflammation, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, nurturing neurons, and promoting tumor cell apoptosis. In this review, we will critically review the emerging role and clinical application potential of DSC-Exos.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising seed cells in tissue repair and regeneration due to their featured properties of self-renewal and multipotency. However, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that MSCs exert biological functions mainly through secreting exosomes. Exosomes, which contain RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, are new players in regulating many fundamental processes and play important roles in regenerative medicine. Exosomes not only mimic the effects of their parent cells but also possess many advantages such as high drug loading capacity, low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and low side effects. Currently, a total of 6 different dental stem cells (DSCs) including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have been isolated and identified. DSC-derived exosomes (DSC-Exos) are actively involved in intercellular communication, anti-inflammation, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, nurturing neurons, and promoting tumor cell apoptosis. In this review, we will critically review the emerging role and clinical application potential of DSC-Exos.
Author Sun, Wenjuan
Chen, Huan
Zhao, Xinyuan
Mai, Zizhao
Hu, Ziyu
Cui, Li
Ye, Yu
AuthorAffiliation 3 Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing , China
6 UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles , CA , United States
4 Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Jinling Stomatology Hospital, Nanjing , China
5 Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou , China
2 Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing , China
1 Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou , China
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Jinling Stomatology Hospital, Nanjing , China
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– name: 3 Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing , China
– name: 6 UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles , CA , United States
– name: 1 Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou , China
– name: 2 Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing , China
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This article was submitted to Stem Cell Research, a section of the journal Frontiers in Genetics
Edited by: Anne George, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
These authors have contributed equally to this work
Reviewed by: Amar M. Singh, University of Georgia, United States
Philippe Bourin, Independent researcher, Toulouse, France
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Snippet Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising seed cells in tissue repair and regeneration due to their featured properties of self-renewal and multipotency....
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SubjectTerms clinical application
dental stem cells
exosomes
Genetics
regenerative medicine
tissue repair
Title Translational and Clinical Applications of Dental Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes
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