Elucidating Methods for Isolation and Quantification of Exosomes: A Review

Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate de...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular biotechnology Vol. 63; no. 4; pp. 249 - 266
Main Authors: Kurian, Talitha Keren, Banik, Soumyabrata, Gopal, Dharshini, Chakrabarti, Shweta, Mazumder, Nirmal
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01.04.2021
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Biological Techniques
Biomarkers
Biosynthesis
Biotechnology
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Communication
Electron microscopy
Exosomes
Extracellular vesicles
Flow cytometry
gel chromatography
Higher education
Human Genetics
Immune response
Immune system
Life sciences
Light scattering
Lipids
Metastases
Metastasis
Microfluidic devices
Microfluidics
Microscopy
Nanoparticles
neoplasms
Photon correlation spectroscopy
Plasma
Protein Science
Proteins
Review
Size exclusion chromatography
therapeutics
Ultracentrifugation
Ultrafiltration
Vesicles
Biomarkers
Diagnosis
Exosomes
Therapeutics
ISSN:1073-6085, 1559-0305, 1559-0305
Online Access:Get full text
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Description
Summary:Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate detection and quantification is essential. Due to the complexity in size and structure of exosomes, even the gold standard methods face challenges. This comprehensive review discusses the various standard methods such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, precipitation, immunoaffinity, and microfluidic technologies for the isolation of exosomes. The principle of isolation of each method is described, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages. Quantification of exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and microfluidic devices are also described, along with the applications of exosomes in various biomedical domains.
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ISSN:1073-6085
1559-0305
1559-0305
DOI:10.1007/s12033-021-00300-3