Dermacentor reticulatus is a vector of tick-borne encephalitis virus
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV; family Flaviviridae) is the most medically important tick-borne virus in Europe and Asia. Ixodes ricinus and I. persulcatus ticks are considered to be the main vector ticks of TBEV in nature due to their specific ecological associations with the vertebrate hosts....
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| Vydáno v: | Ticks and tick-borne diseases Ročník 11; číslo 4; s. 101414 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Elsevier GmbH
01.07.2020
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| ISSN: | 1877-959X, 1877-9603, 1877-9603 |
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| Abstract | Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV; family Flaviviridae) is the most medically important tick-borne virus in Europe and Asia. Ixodes ricinus and I. persulcatus ticks are considered to be the main vector ticks of TBEV in nature due to their specific ecological associations with the vertebrate hosts. Nevertheless, recent TBEV prevalence studies in ticks suggest that Dermacentor reticulatus ticks might play a relevant role in the maintenance of TBEV in nature. The goal of this study was to evaluate the vector competency of D. reticulatus for TBEV through experimental tick infections and comparative in vivo transmission studies involving D. reticulatus and I. ricinus ticks.
We observed that after a transcoxal micro-capillary inoculation, adult female D. reticulatus ticks efficiently replicated TBEV during the observed period of 21 days. The mean virus load reached up to 2.5 × 105 gene copies and 6.4 × 104 plaque forming units per tick. The infected D. reticulatus ticks were able to transmit the virus to mice. The course of infection in mice was comparable to the infection after a tick bite by I. ricinus while the virus spread and clearance was slightly faster. Moreover, D. reticulatus ticks were capable of tick-to-tick non-viraemic transmission of TBEV to the Haemaphysalis inermis nymphs during co-feeding on the same animal. The co-feeding transmission efficiency was overall slightly lower (up to 54 %) in comparison with I. ricinus (up to 94 %) and peaked 1 day later, at day 3.
In conclusion, our study demonstrated that D. reticulatus is a biologically effective vector of TBEV. In line with the recent reports of its high TBEV prevalence in nature, our data indicate that in some endemic foci, D. reticulatus might be an underrecognized TBEV vector which contributes to the expansion of the TBEV endemic areas. |
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| AbstractList | Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV; family Flaviviridae) is the most medically important tick-borne virus in Europe and Asia. Ixodes ricinus and I. persulcatus ticks are considered to be the main vector ticks of TBEV in nature due to their specific ecological associations with the vertebrate hosts. Nevertheless, recent TBEV prevalence studies in ticks suggest that Dermacentor reticulatus ticks might play a relevant role in the maintenance of TBEV in nature. The goal of this study was to evaluate the vector competency of D. reticulatus for TBEV through experimental tick infections and comparative in vivo transmission studies involving D. reticulatus and I. ricinus ticks.
We observed that after a transcoxal micro-capillary inoculation, adult female D. reticulatus ticks efficiently replicated TBEV during the observed period of 21 days. The mean virus load reached up to 2.5 × 105 gene copies and 6.4 × 104 plaque forming units per tick. The infected D. reticulatus ticks were able to transmit the virus to mice. The course of infection in mice was comparable to the infection after a tick bite by I. ricinus while the virus spread and clearance was slightly faster. Moreover, D. reticulatus ticks were capable of tick-to-tick non-viraemic transmission of TBEV to the Haemaphysalis inermis nymphs during co-feeding on the same animal. The co-feeding transmission efficiency was overall slightly lower (up to 54 %) in comparison with I. ricinus (up to 94 %) and peaked 1 day later, at day 3.
In conclusion, our study demonstrated that D. reticulatus is a biologically effective vector of TBEV. In line with the recent reports of its high TBEV prevalence in nature, our data indicate that in some endemic foci, D. reticulatus might be an underrecognized TBEV vector which contributes to the expansion of the TBEV endemic areas. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV; family Flaviviridae) is the most medically important tick-borne virus in Europe and Asia. Ixodes ricinus and I. persulcatus ticks are considered to be the main vector ticks of TBEV in nature due to their specific ecological associations with the vertebrate hosts. Nevertheless, recent TBEV prevalence studies in ticks suggest that Dermacentor reticulatus ticks might play a relevant role in the maintenance of TBEV in nature. The goal of this study was to evaluate the vector competency of D. reticulatus for TBEV through experimental tick infections and comparative in vivo transmission studies involving D. reticulatus and I. ricinus ticks. We observed that after a transcoxal micro-capillary inoculation, adult female D. reticulatus ticks efficiently replicated TBEV during the observed period of 21 days. The mean virus load reached up to 2.5 × 105 gene copies and 6.4 × 104 plaque forming units per tick. The infected D. reticulatus ticks were able to transmit the virus to mice. The course of infection in mice was comparable to the infection after a tick bite by I. ricinus while the virus spread and clearance was slightly faster. Moreover, D. reticulatus ticks were capable of tick-to-tick non-viraemic transmission of TBEV to the Haemaphysalis inermis nymphs during co-feeding on the same animal. The co-feeding transmission efficiency was overall slightly lower (up to 54 %) in comparison with I. ricinus (up to 94 %) and peaked 1 day later, at day 3. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that D. reticulatus is a biologically effective vector of TBEV. In line with the recent reports of its high TBEV prevalence in nature, our data indicate that in some endemic foci, D. reticulatus might be an underrecognized TBEV vector which contributes to the expansion of the TBEV endemic areas.Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV; family Flaviviridae) is the most medically important tick-borne virus in Europe and Asia. Ixodes ricinus and I. persulcatus ticks are considered to be the main vector ticks of TBEV in nature due to their specific ecological associations with the vertebrate hosts. Nevertheless, recent TBEV prevalence studies in ticks suggest that Dermacentor reticulatus ticks might play a relevant role in the maintenance of TBEV in nature. The goal of this study was to evaluate the vector competency of D. reticulatus for TBEV through experimental tick infections and comparative in vivo transmission studies involving D. reticulatus and I. ricinus ticks. We observed that after a transcoxal micro-capillary inoculation, adult female D. reticulatus ticks efficiently replicated TBEV during the observed period of 21 days. The mean virus load reached up to 2.5 × 105 gene copies and 6.4 × 104 plaque forming units per tick. The infected D. reticulatus ticks were able to transmit the virus to mice. The course of infection in mice was comparable to the infection after a tick bite by I. ricinus while the virus spread and clearance was slightly faster. Moreover, D. reticulatus ticks were capable of tick-to-tick non-viraemic transmission of TBEV to the Haemaphysalis inermis nymphs during co-feeding on the same animal. The co-feeding transmission efficiency was overall slightly lower (up to 54 %) in comparison with I. ricinus (up to 94 %) and peaked 1 day later, at day 3. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that D. reticulatus is a biologically effective vector of TBEV. In line with the recent reports of its high TBEV prevalence in nature, our data indicate that in some endemic foci, D. reticulatus might be an underrecognized TBEV vector which contributes to the expansion of the TBEV endemic areas. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV; family Flaviviridae) is the most medically important tick-borne virus in Europe and Asia. Ixodes ricinus and I. persulcatus ticks are considered to be the main vector ticks of TBEV in nature due to their specific ecological associations with the vertebrate hosts. Nevertheless, recent TBEV prevalence studies in ticks suggest that Dermacentor reticulatus ticks might play a relevant role in the maintenance of TBEV in nature. The goal of this study was to evaluate the vector competency of D. reticulatus for TBEV through experimental tick infections and comparative in vivo transmission studies involving D. reticulatus and I. ricinus ticks. We observed that after a transcoxal micro-capillary inoculation, adult female D. reticulatus ticks efficiently replicated TBEV during the observed period of 21 days. The mean virus load reached up to 2.5 × 10 gene copies and 6.4 × 10 plaque forming units per tick. The infected D. reticulatus ticks were able to transmit the virus to mice. The course of infection in mice was comparable to the infection after a tick bite by I. ricinus while the virus spread and clearance was slightly faster. Moreover, D. reticulatus ticks were capable of tick-to-tick non-viraemic transmission of TBEV to the Haemaphysalis inermis nymphs during co-feeding on the same animal. The co-feeding transmission efficiency was overall slightly lower (up to 54 %) in comparison with I. ricinus (up to 94 %) and peaked 1 day later, at day 3. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that D. reticulatus is a biologically effective vector of TBEV. In line with the recent reports of its high TBEV prevalence in nature, our data indicate that in some endemic foci, D. reticulatus might be an underrecognized TBEV vector which contributes to the expansion of the TBEV endemic areas. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV; family Flaviviridae) is the most medically important tick-borne virus in Europe and Asia. Ixodes ricinus and I. persulcatus ticks are considered to be the main vector ticks of TBEV in nature due to their specific ecological associations with the vertebrate hosts. Nevertheless, recent TBEV prevalence studies in ticks suggest that Dermacentor reticulatus ticks might play a relevant role in the maintenance of TBEV in nature. The goal of this study was to evaluate the vector competency of D. reticulatus for TBEV through experimental tick infections and comparative in vivo transmission studies involving D. reticulatus and I. ricinus ticks.We observed that after a transcoxal micro-capillary inoculation, adult female D. reticulatus ticks efficiently replicated TBEV during the observed period of 21 days. The mean virus load reached up to 2.5 × 10⁵ gene copies and 6.4 × 10⁴ plaque forming units per tick. The infected D. reticulatus ticks were able to transmit the virus to mice. The course of infection in mice was comparable to the infection after a tick bite by I. ricinus while the virus spread and clearance was slightly faster. Moreover, D. reticulatus ticks were capable of tick-to-tick non-viraemic transmission of TBEV to the Haemaphysalis inermis nymphs during co-feeding on the same animal. The co-feeding transmission efficiency was overall slightly lower (up to 54 %) in comparison with I. ricinus (up to 94 %) and peaked 1 day later, at day 3.In conclusion, our study demonstrated that D. reticulatus is a biologically effective vector of TBEV. In line with the recent reports of its high TBEV prevalence in nature, our data indicate that in some endemic foci, D. reticulatus might be an underrecognized TBEV vector which contributes to the expansion of the TBEV endemic areas. |
| ArticleNumber | 101414 |
| Author | Drexler, Jan F. Slovák, Mirko Klempa, Boris Ličková, Martina Fumačová Havlíková, Sabína Sláviková, Monika |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Martina surname: Ličková fullname: Ličková, Martina organization: Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia – sequence: 2 givenname: Sabína surname: Fumačová Havlíková fullname: Fumačová Havlíková, Sabína organization: Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia – sequence: 3 givenname: Monika surname: Sláviková fullname: Sláviková, Monika organization: Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia – sequence: 4 givenname: Mirko surname: Slovák fullname: Slovák, Mirko organization: Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506, Bratislava, Slovakia – sequence: 5 givenname: Jan F. surname: Drexler fullname: Drexler, Jan F. organization: Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Boris surname: Klempa fullname: Klempa, Boris email: boris.klempa@savba.sk organization: Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32173297$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Dermacentor reticulatus Transmission TBEV Haemaphysalis inermis Tick-borne encephalitis virus Ixodes ricinus Vector |
| Language | English |
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| Title | Dermacentor reticulatus is a vector of tick-borne encephalitis virus |
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