Nutrition and its role in epigenetic inheritance of obesity and diabetes across generations

Nutritional constraints including not only caloric restriction or protein deficiency, but also energy-dense diets affect metabolic health and frequently lead to obesity and insulin resistance, as well as glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. The effects of these environmental factors are often me...

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Vydané v:	Mammalian genome Ročník 31; číslo 5-6; s. 119 - 133
Hlavní autori:	Kaspar, Daniela, Hastreiter, Sieglinde, Irmler, Martin, Hrabé de Angelis, Martin, Beckers, Johannes
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	New York Springer US 01.06.2020 Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:	Animal Genetics and Genomics animal models Animals Biomedical and Life Sciences Cell Biology Cytosine Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology Dietary restrictions DNA Methylation Embryogenesis Embryonic Development - genetics Endocrine Disruptors - administration & dosage Environmental factors Epigenetics Female Gametes gene expression regulation Gene-Environment Interaction genomics germ cells glucose Glucose Intolerance - genetics Glucose Intolerance - metabolism Glucose Intolerance - pathology Glucose tolerance Heredity Histones Histones - genetics Histones - metabolism Human Genetics Humans Inheritance Patterns Insulin insulin resistance Insulin Resistance - genetics Intolerance Life Sciences low calorie diet Male Malnutrition - complications Malnutrition - genetics Malnutrition - metabolism Malnutrition - pathology mammals Metabolism noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Obesity Obesity - etiology Obesity - genetics Obesity - metabolism Obesity - pathology Overnutrition - complications Overnutrition - genetics Overnutrition - metabolism Overnutrition - pathology protein deficiencies Protein deficiency RNA, Messenger - genetics RNA, Messenger - metabolism
ISSN:	0938-8990, 1432-1777, 1432-1777
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Shrnutí:	Nutritional constraints including not only caloric restriction or protein deficiency, but also energy-dense diets affect metabolic health and frequently lead to obesity and insulin resistance, as well as glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. The effects of these environmental factors are often mediated via epigenetic modifiers that target the expression of metabolic genes. More recently, it was discovered that such parentally acquired metabolic changes can alter the metabolic health of the filial and grand-filial generations. In mammals, this epigenetic inheritance can either follow an intergenerational or transgenerational mode of inheritance. In the case of intergenerational inheritance, epimutations established in gametes persist through the first round of epigenetic reprogramming occurring during preimplantation development. For transgenerational inheritance, epimutations persist additionally throughout the reprogramming that occurs during germ cell development later in embryogenesis. Differentially expressed transcripts, genomic cytosine methylations, and several chemical modifications of histones are prime candidates for tangible marks which may serve as epimutations in inter- and transgenerational inheritance and which are currently being investigated experimentally. We review, here, the current literature in support of epigenetic inheritance of metabolic traits caused by nutritional constraints and potential mechanisms in man and in rodent model systems.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	0938-8990 1432-1777 1432-1777
DOI:	10.1007/s00335-020-09839-z