The table 2 fallacy: presenting and interpreting confounder and modifier coefficients

It is common to present multiple adjusted effect estimates from a single model in a single table. For example, a table might show odds ratios for one or more exposures and also for several confounders from a single logistic regression. This can lead to mistaken interpretations of these estimates. We...

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Vydáno v:American journal of epidemiology Ročník 177; číslo 4; s. 292
Hlavní autoři: Westreich, Daniel, Greenland, Sander
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States 15.02.2013
Témata:
Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)
Epidemiologic Studies
HIV Infections - epidemiology
HIV Seropositivity - complications
HIV Seropositivity - epidemiology
Humans
Logistic Models
Mathematical Computing
Multivariate Analysis
North Carolina - epidemiology
Odds Ratio
Regression Analysis
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Smoking - adverse effects
Statistics as Topic
Stroke - epidemiology
Stroke - etiology
Violence - statistics & numerical data
Work - statistics & numerical data
North Carolina
ISSN:1476-6256, 1476-6256
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Shrnutí:It is common to present multiple adjusted effect estimates from a single model in a single table. For example, a table might show odds ratios for one or more exposures and also for several confounders from a single logistic regression. This can lead to mistaken interpretations of these estimates. We use causal diagrams to display the sources of the problems. Presentation of exposure and confounder effect estimates from a single model may lead to several interpretative difficulties, inviting confusion of direct-effect estimates with total-effect estimates for covariates in the model. These effect estimates may also be confounded even though the effect estimate for the main exposure is not confounded. Interpretation of these effect estimates is further complicated by heterogeneity (variation, modification) of the exposure effect measure across covariate levels. We offer suggestions to limit potential misunderstandings when multiple effect estimates are presented, including precise distinction between total and direct effect measures from a single model, and use of multiple models tailored to yield total-effect estimates for covariates.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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ISSN:1476-6256
1476-6256
DOI:10.1093/aje/kws412