Curcumin, Gut Microbiota, and Neuroprotection

Curcumin, a nontoxic, naturally occurring polyphenol, has been recently proposed for the management of neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. However, a discrepancy exists between the well-documented pharmacological activities that curcumin seems to possess in vivo and its poor aqueous solubil...

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Vydáno v:	Nutrients Ročník 11; číslo 10; s. 2426
Hlavní autoři:	Di Meo, Francesco, Margarucci, Sabrina, Galderisi, Umberto, Crispi, Stefania, Peluso, Gianfranco
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Switzerland MDPI AG 11.10.2019 MDPI
Témata:	Acids Alzheimer's disease Bioavailability Biological activity brain Clinical trials curcumin Curcumin - pharmacology Drug dosages dysbiosis Ecosystems Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects gastrointestinal system Gut microbiota Humans Huntingtons disease intestinal microorganisms Metabolism Metabolites microbiome Microbiota nervous system diseases Neurodegeneration Neuroprotection - drug effects neuroprotective effect oral administration Oxidative stress Parkinson's disease pharmacokinetics Polyphenols Review solubility Italy polyphenols metabolism bioactivity neuroprotection gut microbioma curcumin
ISSN:	2072-6643, 2072-6643
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Curcumin, a nontoxic, naturally occurring polyphenol, has been recently proposed for the management of neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. However, a discrepancy exists between the well-documented pharmacological activities that curcumin seems to possess in vivo and its poor aqueous solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profiles that should limit any therapeutic effect. Thus, it is possible that curcumin could exert direct regulative effects primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, where high concentrations of curcumin are present after oral administration. Indeed, a new working hypothesis that could explain the neuroprotective role of curcumin despite its limited availability is that curcumin acts indirectly on the central nervous system by influencing the “microbiota–gut–brain axis”, a complex bidirectional system in which the microbiome and its composition represent a factor which preserves and determines brain “health”. Interestingly, curcumin and its metabolites might provide benefit by restoring dysbiosis of gut microbiome. Conversely, curcumin is subject to bacterial enzymatic modifications, forming pharmacologically more active metabolites than curcumin. These mutual interactions allow to keep proper individual physiologic functions and play a key role in neuroprotection.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	2072-6643 2072-6643
DOI:	10.3390/nu11102426