Does compact urban forms relate to good quality of life in high density cities of India? Case of Kolkata

•Does compact urban form relate to good UQoL in high density cities?•Compactness index to spatially cluster compact vs disperse urban forms.•Cluster enrichment on urban life domains to create distinct UQoL clusters.•High socio-economic class live in dense dispersed areas but have low UQoL.•Compact u...

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Vydáno v:Cities Ročník 48; s. 55 - 65
Hlavní autoři: Bardhan, Ronita, Kurisu, Kiyo, Hanaki, Keisuke
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2015
Témata:
Air pollution
Associations
Census
Cities
Cluster Enrichment
Compact city
Cultural studies
High-density city
Indexes
India
Kolkata
Quality of life
Regression analysis
Social status
Socio-economic cultural index
Socioeconomic status
Urban areas
Urban quality of life
Urban studies
India
Socio-economic cultural index
Cluster Enrichment
Urban quality of life
Kolkata
Compact city
High-density city
ISSN:0264-2751, 1873-6084
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Shrnutí:•Does compact urban form relate to good UQoL in high density cities?•Compactness index to spatially cluster compact vs disperse urban forms.•Cluster enrichment on urban life domains to create distinct UQoL clusters.•High socio-economic class live in dense dispersed areas but have low UQoL.•Compact urban form had higher probability of association with good UQoL. The compact city paradigm claims to result in a better urban quality of life (UQoL). However, does it also resonate for cities that are already compact (i.e., highly dense)? This study empirically assesses the degree of association between the compact urban form (UF) and better UQoL at the neighbourhood scale in the case of Kolkata, an expanding, high-density city in India. Two UF metrics, the Compactness Index (COMPI) and the Mix-Use Index (MUI), which are based on the compact city model, are constructed to classify the city into UF prototypes of compact vs dispersed forms. A multivariate exploratory analysis followed by Cluster Enrichment (CE) was applied on decadal census, amenities and air quality data of 2001 to estimate the dimensions and patterns of the objective UQoL. Logistic regression adjusted by ‘socio-economic cultural status’ (SECS) was applied to assess the likelihood of associations between compact UF and derived UQoL. The results show that the compact UF does have a significant association with a higher UQoL but is sensitive to the growing strengths of a socio-economic and cultural status. Moreover, as the city grows, the relationship between a compact UF and a higher UQoL becomes skewed. This evidence suggests that a compact city policy for growing high-density cities like Kolkata does have the potential to achieve a better UQoL provided there is a sensitive and balanced growth policy.
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ISSN:0264-2751
1873-6084
DOI:10.1016/j.cities.2015.06.005