Physical activity and fitness in the community: the Framingham Heart Study
While greater physical activity (PA) is associated with improved health outcomes, the direct links between distinct components of PA, their changes over time, and cardiorespiratory fitness are incompletely understood. Maximum effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and objective PA measures [...
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| Vydáno v: | European heart journal Ročník 42; číslo 44; s. 4565 |
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21.11.2021
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| ISSN: | 1522-9645, 1522-9645 |
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| Abstract | While greater physical activity (PA) is associated with improved health outcomes, the direct links between distinct components of PA, their changes over time, and cardiorespiratory fitness are incompletely understood.
Maximum effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and objective PA measures [sedentary time (SED), steps/day, and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA)] via accelerometers worn for 1 week concurrent with CPET and 7.8 years prior were obtained in 2070 Framingham Heart Study participants [age 54 ± 9 years, 51% women, SED 810 ± 83 min/day, steps/day 7737 ± 3520, MVPA 22.3 ± 20.3 min/day, peak oxygen uptake (VO2) 23.6 ± 6.9 mL/kg/min]. Adjusted for clinical risk factors, increases in steps/day and MVPA and reduced SED between the two assessments were associated with distinct aspects of cardiorespiratory fitness (measured by VO2) during initiation, early-moderate level, peak exercise, and recovery, with the highest effect estimates for MVPA (false discovery rate <5% for all). Findings were largely consistent across categories of age, sex, obesity, and cardiovascular risk. Increases of 17 min of MVPA/day [95% confidence interval (CI) 14-21] or 4312 steps/day (95% CI 3439-5781; ≈54 min at 80 steps/min), or reductions of 249 min of SED per day (95% CI 149-777) between the two exam cycles corresponded to a 5% (1.2 mL/kg/min) higher peak VO2. Individuals with high (above-mean) steps or MVPA demonstrated above average peak VO2 values regardless of whether they had high or low SED.
Our findings provide a detailed assessment of relations of different types of PA with multidimensional cardiorespiratory fitness measures and suggest favourable longitudinal changes in PA (and MVPA in particular) are associated with greater objective fitness. |
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| AbstractList | While greater physical activity (PA) is associated with improved health outcomes, the direct links between distinct components of PA, their changes over time, and cardiorespiratory fitness are incompletely understood.AIMSWhile greater physical activity (PA) is associated with improved health outcomes, the direct links between distinct components of PA, their changes over time, and cardiorespiratory fitness are incompletely understood.Maximum effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and objective PA measures [sedentary time (SED), steps/day, and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA)] via accelerometers worn for 1 week concurrent with CPET and 7.8 years prior were obtained in 2070 Framingham Heart Study participants [age 54 ± 9 years, 51% women, SED 810 ± 83 min/day, steps/day 7737 ± 3520, MVPA 22.3 ± 20.3 min/day, peak oxygen uptake (VO2) 23.6 ± 6.9 mL/kg/min]. Adjusted for clinical risk factors, increases in steps/day and MVPA and reduced SED between the two assessments were associated with distinct aspects of cardiorespiratory fitness (measured by VO2) during initiation, early-moderate level, peak exercise, and recovery, with the highest effect estimates for MVPA (false discovery rate <5% for all). Findings were largely consistent across categories of age, sex, obesity, and cardiovascular risk. Increases of 17 min of MVPA/day [95% confidence interval (CI) 14-21] or 4312 steps/day (95% CI 3439-5781; ≈54 min at 80 steps/min), or reductions of 249 min of SED per day (95% CI 149-777) between the two exam cycles corresponded to a 5% (1.2 mL/kg/min) higher peak VO2. Individuals with high (above-mean) steps or MVPA demonstrated above average peak VO2 values regardless of whether they had high or low SED.METHODS AND RESULTSMaximum effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and objective PA measures [sedentary time (SED), steps/day, and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA)] via accelerometers worn for 1 week concurrent with CPET and 7.8 years prior were obtained in 2070 Framingham Heart Study participants [age 54 ± 9 years, 51% women, SED 810 ± 83 min/day, steps/day 7737 ± 3520, MVPA 22.3 ± 20.3 min/day, peak oxygen uptake (VO2) 23.6 ± 6.9 mL/kg/min]. Adjusted for clinical risk factors, increases in steps/day and MVPA and reduced SED between the two assessments were associated with distinct aspects of cardiorespiratory fitness (measured by VO2) during initiation, early-moderate level, peak exercise, and recovery, with the highest effect estimates for MVPA (false discovery rate <5% for all). Findings were largely consistent across categories of age, sex, obesity, and cardiovascular risk. Increases of 17 min of MVPA/day [95% confidence interval (CI) 14-21] or 4312 steps/day (95% CI 3439-5781; ≈54 min at 80 steps/min), or reductions of 249 min of SED per day (95% CI 149-777) between the two exam cycles corresponded to a 5% (1.2 mL/kg/min) higher peak VO2. Individuals with high (above-mean) steps or MVPA demonstrated above average peak VO2 values regardless of whether they had high or low SED.Our findings provide a detailed assessment of relations of different types of PA with multidimensional cardiorespiratory fitness measures and suggest favourable longitudinal changes in PA (and MVPA in particular) are associated with greater objective fitness.CONCLUSIONSOur findings provide a detailed assessment of relations of different types of PA with multidimensional cardiorespiratory fitness measures and suggest favourable longitudinal changes in PA (and MVPA in particular) are associated with greater objective fitness. While greater physical activity (PA) is associated with improved health outcomes, the direct links between distinct components of PA, their changes over time, and cardiorespiratory fitness are incompletely understood. Maximum effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and objective PA measures [sedentary time (SED), steps/day, and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA)] via accelerometers worn for 1 week concurrent with CPET and 7.8 years prior were obtained in 2070 Framingham Heart Study participants [age 54 ± 9 years, 51% women, SED 810 ± 83 min/day, steps/day 7737 ± 3520, MVPA 22.3 ± 20.3 min/day, peak oxygen uptake (VO2) 23.6 ± 6.9 mL/kg/min]. Adjusted for clinical risk factors, increases in steps/day and MVPA and reduced SED between the two assessments were associated with distinct aspects of cardiorespiratory fitness (measured by VO2) during initiation, early-moderate level, peak exercise, and recovery, with the highest effect estimates for MVPA (false discovery rate <5% for all). Findings were largely consistent across categories of age, sex, obesity, and cardiovascular risk. Increases of 17 min of MVPA/day [95% confidence interval (CI) 14-21] or 4312 steps/day (95% CI 3439-5781; ≈54 min at 80 steps/min), or reductions of 249 min of SED per day (95% CI 149-777) between the two exam cycles corresponded to a 5% (1.2 mL/kg/min) higher peak VO2. Individuals with high (above-mean) steps or MVPA demonstrated above average peak VO2 values regardless of whether they had high or low SED. Our findings provide a detailed assessment of relations of different types of PA with multidimensional cardiorespiratory fitness measures and suggest favourable longitudinal changes in PA (and MVPA in particular) are associated with greater objective fitness. |
| Author | Vasan, Ramachandran S Chernofsky, Ariel Tanguay, Melissa Murabito, Joanne M Spartano, Nicole L Houstis, Nicholas E Shah, Ravi V Larson, Martin G Murthy, Venkatesh L Malhotra, Rajeev Lewis, Gregory D Nayor, Matthew Blodgett, Jasmine B Velagaleti, Raghava S |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Matthew orcidid: 0000-0002-6993-9396 surname: Nayor fullname: Nayor, Matthew organization: Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Ariel orcidid: 0000-0002-7104-409X surname: Chernofsky fullname: Chernofsky, Ariel organization: Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Nicole L orcidid: 0000-0002-0724-8629 surname: Spartano fullname: Spartano, Nicole L organization: Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Melissa surname: Tanguay fullname: Tanguay, Melissa organization: Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Jasmine B surname: Blodgett fullname: Blodgett, Jasmine B organization: Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Venkatesh L orcidid: 0000-0002-7901-1321 surname: Murthy fullname: Murthy, Venkatesh L organization: Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Rajeev orcidid: 0000-0003-0120-4630 surname: Malhotra fullname: Malhotra, Rajeev organization: Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Nicholas E orcidid: 0000-0003-3812-2241 surname: Houstis fullname: Houstis, Nicholas E organization: Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Raghava S surname: Velagaleti fullname: Velagaleti, Raghava S organization: Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Joanne M surname: Murabito fullname: Murabito, Joanne M organization: Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Martin G surname: Larson fullname: Larson, Martin G organization: Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Ramachandran S orcidid: 0000-0001-7357-5970 surname: Vasan fullname: Vasan, Ramachandran S organization: Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Center for Computing and Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 13 givenname: Ravi V surname: Shah fullname: Shah, Ravi V organization: Vanderbilt Clinical and Translational Research Center, Cardiology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN – sequence: 14 givenname: Gregory D surname: Lewis fullname: Lewis, Gregory D organization: Pulmonary Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA |
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| Copyright | Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2021. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. |
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| Keywords | Cardiorespiratory fitness Exercise Sedentary time Physical activity |
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| Title | Physical activity and fitness in the community: the Framingham Heart Study |
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