Physical activity and fitness in the community: the Framingham Heart Study

While greater physical activity (PA) is associated with improved health outcomes, the direct links between distinct components of PA, their changes over time, and cardiorespiratory fitness are incompletely understood. Maximum effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and objective PA measures [...

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Published in:European heart journal Vol. 42; no. 44; p. 4565
Main Authors: Nayor, Matthew, Chernofsky, Ariel, Spartano, Nicole L, Tanguay, Melissa, Blodgett, Jasmine B, Murthy, Venkatesh L, Malhotra, Rajeev, Houstis, Nicholas E, Velagaleti, Raghava S, Murabito, Joanne M, Larson, Martin G, Vasan, Ramachandran S, Shah, Ravi V, Lewis, Gregory D
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England 21.11.2021
Subjects:
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Exercise
Exercise Test
Female
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Middle Aged
Physical Fitness
Sedentary Behavior
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Exercise
Sedentary time
Physical activity
ISSN:1522-9645, 1522-9645
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Summary:While greater physical activity (PA) is associated with improved health outcomes, the direct links between distinct components of PA, their changes over time, and cardiorespiratory fitness are incompletely understood. Maximum effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and objective PA measures [sedentary time (SED), steps/day, and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA)] via accelerometers worn for 1 week concurrent with CPET and 7.8 years prior were obtained in 2070 Framingham Heart Study participants [age 54 ± 9 years, 51% women, SED 810 ± 83 min/day, steps/day 7737 ± 3520, MVPA 22.3 ± 20.3 min/day, peak oxygen uptake (VO2) 23.6 ± 6.9 mL/kg/min]. Adjusted for clinical risk factors, increases in steps/day and MVPA and reduced SED between the two assessments were associated with distinct aspects of cardiorespiratory fitness (measured by VO2) during initiation, early-moderate level, peak exercise, and recovery, with the highest effect estimates for MVPA (false discovery rate <5% for all). Findings were largely consistent across categories of age, sex, obesity, and cardiovascular risk. Increases of 17 min of MVPA/day [95% confidence interval (CI) 14-21] or 4312 steps/day (95% CI 3439-5781; ≈54 min at 80 steps/min), or reductions of 249 min of SED per day (95% CI 149-777) between the two exam cycles corresponded to a 5% (1.2 mL/kg/min) higher peak VO2. Individuals with high (above-mean) steps or MVPA demonstrated above average peak VO2 values regardless of whether they had high or low SED. Our findings provide a detailed assessment of relations of different types of PA with multidimensional cardiorespiratory fitness measures and suggest favourable longitudinal changes in PA (and MVPA in particular) are associated with greater objective fitness.
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ISSN:1522-9645
1522-9645
DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab580