Vector Competence of Eucampsipoda africana (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) for Marburg Virus Transmission in Rousettus aegyptiacus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)

This study aimed to determine the vector competence of bat-associated nycteribiid flies (Eucamsipoda africana) for Marburg virus (MARV) in the Egyptian Rousette Bat (ERB), Rousettus aegyptiacus. In flies fed on subcutaneously infected ERBs and tested from 3 to 43 days post infection (dpi), MARV was...

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Vydáno v:	Viruses Ročník 13; číslo 11; s. 2226
Hlavní autoři:	Pawęska, Janusz T., Jansen van Vuren, Petrus, Storm, Nadia, Markotter, Wanda, Kemp, Alan
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Switzerland MDPI AG 04.11.2021 MDPI
Témata:	Animals Arthropods bat flies blood Caves Chiroptera - virology Diptera - physiology Diptera - virology Disease Vectors Ebola virus Ectoparasitic Infestations - veterinary Egyptian rousette bat enzootic diseases Epidemics Eucamsipoda africana field infection rate Infections Infectious diseases Inoculation Inoculum Marburg disease Marburg marburgvirus Marburg virus Marburgvirus Marburgvirus - isolation & purification Nycteribiidae Pathogens Polymerase chain reaction Public health RNA Rousettus Rousettus aegyptiacus Seroconversion South Africa transmission Urine vector competence Viremia virus transmission Viruses Zoonoses South Africa Africa field infection rate vector competence transmission Egyptian rousette bat Marburg virus bat flies
ISSN:	1999-4915, 1999-4915
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Shrnutí:	This study aimed to determine the vector competence of bat-associated nycteribiid flies (Eucamsipoda africana) for Marburg virus (MARV) in the Egyptian Rousette Bat (ERB), Rousettus aegyptiacus. In flies fed on subcutaneously infected ERBs and tested from 3 to 43 days post infection (dpi), MARV was detected only in those that took blood during the peak of viremia, 5–7 dpi. Seroconversion did not occur in control bats in contact with MARV-infected bats infested with bat flies up to 43 days post exposure. In flies inoculated intra-coelomically with MARV and tested on days 0–29 post inoculation, only those assayed on day 0 and day 7 after inoculation were positive by q-RT-PCR, but the virus concentration was consistent with that of the inoculum. Bats remained MARV-seronegative up to 38 days after infestation and exposure to inoculated flies. The first filial generation pupae and flies collected at different times during the experiments were all negative by q-RT-PCR. Of 1693 nycteribiid flies collected from a wild ERB colony in Mahune Cave, South Africa where the enzootic transmission of MARV occurs, only one (0.06%) tested positive for the presence of MARV RNA. Our findings seem to demonstrate that bat flies do not play a significant role in the transmission and enzootic maintenance of MARV. However, ERBs eat nycteribiid flies; thus, the mechanical transmission of the virus through the exposure of damaged mucous membranes and/or skin to flies engorged with contaminated blood cannot be ruled out.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	1999-4915 1999-4915
DOI:	10.3390/v13112226