Reconsidering the function of the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase family

Plants possess an outer cell layer called the cell wall. This matrix comprises various molecules, such as polysaccharides and proteins, and serves a wide array of physiologically important functions. This structure is not static but rather flexible in response to the environment. One of the factors...

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Vydáno v:	Journal of plant research Ročník 135; číslo 2; s. 145 - 156
Hlavní autoři:	Ishida, Konan, Yokoyama, Ryusuke
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Singapore Springer Singapore 01.03.2022 Springer Nature B.V
Témata:	Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Cell Wall - metabolism Cell walls Cellulose cellulose microfibrils Current Topics in Plant Research Enzymes Flowers & plants Genes Genetic analysis Genomics Genotype & phenotype Glycosyltransferases - chemistry Glycosyltransferases - genetics Glycosyltransferases - metabolism Hydrolase hydrolases Hydrolases - metabolism Life Sciences Loosening Mathematical analysis Microfibrils Physiology Plant Biochemistry Plant Ecology Plant Physiology Plant Sciences plasticity Polysaccharides Polysaccharides - metabolism reverse genetics Roles Saccharides Xyloglucan xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase xyloglucans Hydrolase (XTH) Xyloglucan CAZy Plant cell wall GH16 Cell wall architecture Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase
ISSN:	0918-9440, 1618-0860, 1618-0860
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Plants possess an outer cell layer called the cell wall. This matrix comprises various molecules, such as polysaccharides and proteins, and serves a wide array of physiologically important functions. This structure is not static but rather flexible in response to the environment. One of the factors responsible for this plasticity is the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family, which cleaves and reconnects xyloglucan molecules. Since xyloglucan molecules have been hypothesised to tether cellulose microfibrils forming the main load-bearing network in the primary cell wall, XTHs have been thought to play a central role in cell wall loosening for plant cell expansion. However, multiple lines of recent evidence have questioned this classic model. Nevertheless, reverse genetic analyses have proven the biological importance of XTHs; therefore, a major challenge at present is to reconsider the role of XTHs in planta . Recent advances in analytical techniques have allowed for gathering rich information on the structure of the primary cell wall. Thus, the integration of accumulated knowledge in current XTH studies may offer a turning point for unveiling the precise functions of XTHs. In the present review, we redefine the biological function of the XTH family based on the recent architectural model of the cell wall. We highlight three key findings regarding this enzyme family: (1) XTHs are not strictly required for cell wall loosening during plant cell expansion but play vital roles in response to specific biotic or abiotic stresses; (2) in addition to their transglycosylase activity, the hydrolase activity of XTHs is involved in physiological benefits; and (3) XTHs can recognise a wide range of polysaccharides other than xyloglucans.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	0918-9440 1618-0860 1618-0860
DOI:	10.1007/s10265-021-01361-w