Near-zero-waste processing of low-grade, complex primary ores and secondary raw materials in Europe: technology development trends

•Metal recovery from low-grade resources evolves towards near-zero-waste processing.•A novel metallurgical toolbox concept is proposed to process low-grade ores.•Novel process techniques are discussed.•Low-grade ore processing requires new circular economy business models. With an increasing number...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:
Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:Resources, conservation and recycling Ročník 160; s. 104919
Hlavní autoři: Spooren, Jeroen, Binnemans, Koen, Björkmalm, Johanna, Breemersch, Koen, Dams, Yoko, Folens, Karel, González-Moya, María, Horckmans, Liesbeth, Komnitsas, Konstantinos, Kurylak, Witold, Lopez, Maria, Mäkinen, Jarno, Onisei, Silviana, Oorts, Koen, Peys, Arne, Pietek, Grzegorz, Pontikes, Yiannis, Snellings, Ruben, Tripiana, María, Varia, Jeet, Willquist, Karin, Yurramendi, Lourdes, Kinnunen, Päivi
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Elsevier B.V 01.09.2020
Témata:
Circular economy
Costs
Critical raw materials
Europe
goethite
In-process technology
jarosite
landfills
Low-grade ores
Metal extractions
Metal recovery
Metallurgical systems
Metals
Mineral materials
Mineral processing
Mineral resources
municipal solid waste
Near-zero-waste
neutralization
Ore treatment
Ores
policy implementation
policy making
Raw materials
Recycling
Secondary Raw Materials
Slags
sludge
Soils
supply chain
Technology development
waste disposal
waste technology
Waste treatment
Europe
Circular economy
Recycling
Critical raw materials
Low-grade ores
Metals
Near-zero-waste
ISSN:0921-3449, 1879-0658, 1879-0658
On-line přístup:Získat plný text
Tagy: Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
Popis
Shrnutí:•Metal recovery from low-grade resources evolves towards near-zero-waste processing.•A novel metallurgical toolbox concept is proposed to process low-grade ores.•Novel process techniques are discussed.•Low-grade ore processing requires new circular economy business models. With an increasing number of low-grade primary ores starting to be cost-effectively mined, we are at the verge of mining a myriad of low-grade primary and secondary mineral materials. At the same time, mining practices and mineral waste recycling are both evolving towards sustainable near-zero-waste processing of low-grade resources within a circular economy that requires a shift in business models, policies and improvements in process technologies. This review discusses the evolution towards low-grade primary ore and secondary raw material mining that will allow for sufficient supply of critical raw materials as well as base metals. Seven low-grade ores, including primary (Greek and Polish laterites) and secondary (fayalitic slags, jarosite and goethite sludges, zinc-rich waste treatment sludge and chromium-rich neutralisation sludge) raw materials are discussed as typical examples for Europe. In order to treat diverse and complex low-grade ores efficiently, the use of a new metallurgical systems toolbox is proposed, which is populated with existing and innovative unit operations: (i) mineral processing, (ii) metal extraction, (iii) metal recovery and (iv) matrix valorisation. Several promising novel techniques are under development for these four unit-operations. From an economical and environmental point of view, such processes must be fitted into new (circular) business models, whereby impacts and costs are divided over the entire value chain. Currently, low-grade secondary raw material processing is only economic and environmentally beneficial when the mineral residues can be valorised and landfill costs are avoided and/or incentives for waste processing can be taken into account.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:0921-3449
1879-0658
1879-0658
DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104919