Scientific developments in understanding food allergy prevention, diagnosis, and treatment

Food allergies (FAs) are adverse immune reactions to normally innocuous foods. Their prevalence has been increasing in recent decades. They can be IgE-mediated, non-IgE mediated, or mixed. Of these, the mechanisms underlying IgE-mediated FA are the best understood and this has assisted in the develo...

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Vydáno v:	Frontiers in immunology Ročník 16; s. 1572283
Hlavní autoři:	Hund, Shirin Karimi, Sampath, Vanitha, Zhou, Xiaoying, Thai, Bryan, Desai, Khushi, Nadeau, Kari C.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Switzerland Frontiers Media SA 22.04.2025 Frontiers Media S.A
Témata:	Allergens Allergens - immunology Anaphylaxis Animals Anti-Allergic Agents - therapeutic use Asthma biomarkers Classification Cytokines Dendritic cells Dermatitis Desensitization, Immunologic - methods Diagnosis Disease Drug development Food allergies food allergy Food Hypersensitivity - diagnosis Food Hypersensitivity - immunology Food Hypersensitivity - prevention & control Food Hypersensitivity - therapy Humans IgE antibodies Immune system Immunoglobulin E Immunoglobulin E - immunology Immunological tolerance Immunology Immunosuppressive agents Immunotherapy Janus kinase Monoclonal antibodies Nanoparticles Omalizumab - therapeutic use Pediatrics Population prevention Processed foods Risk factors United Kingdom > UK United States > US biologics biomarkers immunotherapy diagnosis IgE antibodies food allergy prevention
ISSN:	1664-3224, 1664-3224
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
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Shrnutí:	Food allergies (FAs) are adverse immune reactions to normally innocuous foods. Their prevalence has been increasing in recent decades. They can be IgE-mediated, non-IgE mediated, or mixed. Of these, the mechanisms underlying IgE-mediated FA are the best understood and this has assisted in the development of therapeutics. Currently there are two approved drugs for the treatment of FA, Palforzia and Omalizumab. Palfornia is a characterized peanut product used as immunotherapy for peanut allergy. Immunotherapy, involves exposure of the patient to small but increasing doses of the allergen and slowly builds immune tolerance to the allergen and increases a patient’s allergic threshold. Omalizumab, a biologic, is an anti-IgE antibody which binds to IgE and prevents release of proinflammatory allergenic mediators on exposure to allergen. Other biologics, investigational vaccines, nanoparticles, Janus Kinase and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or DARPins are also being evaluated as potential therapeutics. Oral food challenges (OFC) are the gold standard for the diagnosis for FA. However, they are time-consuming and involve risk of anaphylaxis; therefore, alternative diagnostic methods are being evaluated. This review will discuss how the immune system mediates an allergic response to specific foods, as well as FA risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, and treatments for FA.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 Edited by: Philippe Bégin, CHU Sainte-Justine, Canada Marija Perusko, Solna, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Sweden Reviewed by: Yukun Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
ISSN:	1664-3224 1664-3224
DOI:	10.3389/fimmu.2025.1572283