Nitrogen fertilizer application affects lodging resistance by altering secondary cell wall synthesis in japonica rice (Oryza sativa)

Stem mechanical strength is an important agricultural quantitative trait that is closely related to lodging resistance in rice, which is known to be reduced by fertilizer with higher levels of nitrogen. To understand the mechanism that regulates stem mechanical strength in response to nitrogen, we a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of plant research Vol. 130; no. 5; pp. 859 - 871
Main Authors: Zhang, Wujun, Wu, Longmei, Ding, Yanfeng, Yao, Xiong, Wu, Xiaoran, Weng, Fei, Li, Ganghua, Liu, Zhenghui, Tang, She, Ding, Chengqiang, Wang, Shaohua
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Tokyo Springer Japan 01.09.2017
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Anatomy
Bend strength
bending stress
Bending stresses
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biosynthesis
Bundling
Cell Wall - drug effects
Cell Wall - metabolism
Cell Wall - ultrastructure
cell wall components
Cell walls
Cells
Cellulose
Cellulose - metabolism
culms
Cytology
Deposition
Fertilizer application
Fertilizers
Gene expression
gene expression regulation
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - drug effects
Genes
internodes
Life Sciences
Lignin
Lignin - biosynthesis
Lignin - ultrastructure
Lodging
lodging resistance
Mechanical properties
Nitrogen
Nitrogen - metabolism
Nitrogen - pharmacology
nitrogen fertilizers
Oryza - drug effects
Oryza - genetics
Oryza - metabolism
Oryza - ultrastructure
Oryza sativa
Phenotype
Plant Biochemistry
Plant Ecology
Plant Physiology
Plant Sciences
Plant Stems - drug effects
Plant Stems - genetics
Plant Stems - ultrastructure
quantitative traits
Regular Paper
Rice
sclerenchyma
Staining
strength (mechanics)
Secondary cell wall synthesis
Lignin
Lodging resistance
Japonica rice
Nitrogen
Cellulose
ISSN:0918-9440, 1618-0860, 1618-0860
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Stem mechanical strength is an important agricultural quantitative trait that is closely related to lodging resistance in rice, which is known to be reduced by fertilizer with higher levels of nitrogen. To understand the mechanism that regulates stem mechanical strength in response to nitrogen, we analysed stem morphology, anatomy, mechanical properties, cell wall components, and expression of cell wall-related genes, in two varieties of japonica rice, namely, Wuyunjing23 (lodging-resistant variety) and W3668 (lodging-susceptible variety). The results showed that higher nitrogen fertilizer increased the lodging index in both varieties due to a reduction in breaking strength and bending stress, and these changes were larger in W3668. Cellulose content decreased slightly under higher nitrogen fertilizer, whereas lignin content reduced remarkably. Histochemical staining revealed that high nitrogen application decreased lignin deposition in the secondary cell wall of the sclerenchyma cells and vascular bundle cells compared with the low nitrogen treatments, while it did not alter the pattern of cellulose deposition in these cells in both Wuyunjing23 and W3668. In addition, the expression of the genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, OsPAL, OsCoMT, Os4CL3, OsCCR, OsCAD2, OsCAD7, OsCesA4 , and OsCesA7 , were also down-regulated under higher nitrogen conditions at the early stage of culm growth. These results suggest that the genes involved in lignin biosynthesis are down-regulated by higher nitrogen fertilizer, which causes lignin deficiency in the secondary cell walls and the weakening of mechanical tissue structure. Subsequently, this results in these internodes with reduced mechanical strength and poor lodging resistance.
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ISSN:0918-9440
1618-0860
1618-0860
DOI:10.1007/s10265-017-0943-3