Tick-borne encephalitis virus seroprevalence and infection incidence in Switzerland, 2020–2021
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection can manifest as disease of variable severity, ranging from subclinical infection to severe disease with neurological involvement and potentially fatal outcome. Although TBE is recognized as a major public health problem in Europe, the true burden of dis...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Scientific reports Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 8346 - 13 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
11.03.2025
Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322, 2045-2322 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection can manifest as disease of variable severity, ranging from subclinical infection to severe disease with neurological involvement and potentially fatal outcome. Although TBE is recognized as a major public health problem in Europe, the true burden of disease is potentially underestimated. Here, we investigated TBEV-specific antibody prevalence, infection incidence, and seroreversion and antibody decline rates in a prospective Swiss healthcare worker (HCW) cohort. We screened serum samples from 1444 HCWs between June and October 2020, and from a subset again between August and September 2021, using a TBEV envelope (E) protein IgG ELISA. Positive samples underwent further analysis with a TBEV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) IgG ELISA, and seroconversions in unvaccinated individuals were confirmed by seroneutralization testing. Questionnaire data were used to determine vaccination status and risk factors. TBEV E protein-specific IgG prevalence was 72.1% (95% CI 68.2–75.7%) in TBEV-vaccinated and 6% (95% CI 4.4–7.8%) in unvaccinated individuals. The estimated annual incidence of infection was 735/100,000. Age was the only factor significantly associated with seroprevalence. The seroreversion rate in unvaccinated individuals was 30.3% within one year, which is almost ten times higher than in vaccinated individuals (3.4%, annual decline rate 8.0%). NS1-specific IgG antibodies were six times more common in vaccinated than unvaccinated HCWs. In conclusion, undetected TBEV infections are common, and infection incidence is much higher than reported clinical cases. Individuals with abortive infections have high antibody decline and seroreversion rates. Whether lifelong protection is conferred and by which immune subsets remain unclear. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection can manifest as disease of variable severity, ranging from subclinical infection to severe disease with neurological involvement and potentially fatal outcome. Although TBE is recognized as a major public health problem in Europe, the true burden of disease is potentially underestimated. Here, we investigated TBEV-specific antibody prevalence, infection incidence, and seroreversion and antibody decline rates in a prospective Swiss healthcare worker (HCW) cohort. We screened serum samples from 1444 HCWs between June and October 2020, and from a subset again between August and September 2021, using a TBEV envelope (E) protein IgG ELISA. Positive samples underwent further analysis with a TBEV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) IgG ELISA, and seroconversions in unvaccinated individuals were confirmed by seroneutralization testing. Questionnaire data were used to determine vaccination status and risk factors. TBEV E protein-specific IgG prevalence was 72.1% (95% CI 68.2–75.7%) in TBEV-vaccinated and 6% (95% CI 4.4–7.8%) in unvaccinated individuals. The estimated annual incidence of infection was 735/100,000. Age was the only factor significantly associated with seroprevalence. The seroreversion rate in unvaccinated individuals was 30.3% within one year, which is almost ten times higher than in vaccinated individuals (3.4%, annual decline rate 8.0%). NS1-specific IgG antibodies were six times more common in vaccinated than unvaccinated HCWs. In conclusion, undetected TBEV infections are common, and infection incidence is much higher than reported clinical cases. Individuals with abortive infections have high antibody decline and seroreversion rates. Whether lifelong protection is conferred and by which immune subsets remain unclear. Abstract Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection can manifest as disease of variable severity, ranging from subclinical infection to severe disease with neurological involvement and potentially fatal outcome. Although TBE is recognized as a major public health problem in Europe, the true burden of disease is potentially underestimated. Here, we investigated TBEV-specific antibody prevalence, infection incidence, and seroreversion and antibody decline rates in a prospective Swiss healthcare worker (HCW) cohort. We screened serum samples from 1444 HCWs between June and October 2020, and from a subset again between August and September 2021, using a TBEV envelope (E) protein IgG ELISA. Positive samples underwent further analysis with a TBEV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) IgG ELISA, and seroconversions in unvaccinated individuals were confirmed by seroneutralization testing. Questionnaire data were used to determine vaccination status and risk factors. TBEV E protein-specific IgG prevalence was 72.1% (95% CI 68.2–75.7%) in TBEV-vaccinated and 6% (95% CI 4.4–7.8%) in unvaccinated individuals. The estimated annual incidence of infection was 735/100,000. Age was the only factor significantly associated with seroprevalence. The seroreversion rate in unvaccinated individuals was 30.3% within one year, which is almost ten times higher than in vaccinated individuals (3.4%, annual decline rate 8.0%). NS1-specific IgG antibodies were six times more common in vaccinated than unvaccinated HCWs. In conclusion, undetected TBEV infections are common, and infection incidence is much higher than reported clinical cases. Individuals with abortive infections have high antibody decline and seroreversion rates. Whether lifelong protection is conferred and by which immune subsets remain unclear. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection can manifest as disease of variable severity, ranging from subclinical infection to severe disease with neurological involvement and potentially fatal outcome. Although TBE is recognized as a major public health problem in Europe, the true burden of disease is potentially underestimated. Here, we investigated TBEV-specific antibody prevalence, infection incidence, and seroreversion and antibody decline rates in a prospective Swiss healthcare worker (HCW) cohort. We screened serum samples from 1444 HCWs between June and October 2020, and from a subset again between August and September 2021, using a TBEV envelope (E) protein IgG ELISA. Positive samples underwent further analysis with a TBEV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) IgG ELISA, and seroconversions in unvaccinated individuals were confirmed by seroneutralization testing. Questionnaire data were used to determine vaccination status and risk factors. TBEV E protein-specific IgG prevalence was 72.1% (95% CI 68.2-75.7%) in TBEV-vaccinated and 6% (95% CI 4.4-7.8%) in unvaccinated individuals. The estimated annual incidence of infection was 735/100,000. Age was the only factor significantly associated with seroprevalence. The seroreversion rate in unvaccinated individuals was 30.3% within one year, which is almost ten times higher than in vaccinated individuals (3.4%, annual decline rate 8.0%). NS1-specific IgG antibodies were six times more common in vaccinated than unvaccinated HCWs. In conclusion, undetected TBEV infections are common, and infection incidence is much higher than reported clinical cases. Individuals with abortive infections have high antibody decline and seroreversion rates. Whether lifelong protection is conferred and by which immune subsets remain unclear.Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection can manifest as disease of variable severity, ranging from subclinical infection to severe disease with neurological involvement and potentially fatal outcome. Although TBE is recognized as a major public health problem in Europe, the true burden of disease is potentially underestimated. Here, we investigated TBEV-specific antibody prevalence, infection incidence, and seroreversion and antibody decline rates in a prospective Swiss healthcare worker (HCW) cohort. We screened serum samples from 1444 HCWs between June and October 2020, and from a subset again between August and September 2021, using a TBEV envelope (E) protein IgG ELISA. Positive samples underwent further analysis with a TBEV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) IgG ELISA, and seroconversions in unvaccinated individuals were confirmed by seroneutralization testing. Questionnaire data were used to determine vaccination status and risk factors. TBEV E protein-specific IgG prevalence was 72.1% (95% CI 68.2-75.7%) in TBEV-vaccinated and 6% (95% CI 4.4-7.8%) in unvaccinated individuals. The estimated annual incidence of infection was 735/100,000. Age was the only factor significantly associated with seroprevalence. The seroreversion rate in unvaccinated individuals was 30.3% within one year, which is almost ten times higher than in vaccinated individuals (3.4%, annual decline rate 8.0%). NS1-specific IgG antibodies were six times more common in vaccinated than unvaccinated HCWs. In conclusion, undetected TBEV infections are common, and infection incidence is much higher than reported clinical cases. Individuals with abortive infections have high antibody decline and seroreversion rates. Whether lifelong protection is conferred and by which immune subsets remain unclear. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection can manifest as disease of variable severity, ranging from subclinical infection to severe disease with neurological involvement and potentially fatal outcome. Although TBE is recognized as a major public health problem in Europe, the true burden of disease is potentially underestimated. Here, we investigated TBEV-specific antibody prevalence, infection incidence, and seroreversion and antibody decline rates in a prospective Swiss healthcare worker (HCW) cohort. We screened serum samples from 1444 HCWs between June and October 2020, and from a subset again between August and September 2021, using a TBEV envelope (E) protein IgG ELISA. Positive samples underwent further analysis with a TBEV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) IgG ELISA, and seroconversions in unvaccinated individuals were confirmed by seroneutralization testing. Questionnaire data were used to determine vaccination status and risk factors. TBEV E protein-specific IgG prevalence was 72.1% (95% CI 68.2–75.7%) in TBEV-vaccinated and 6% (95% CI 4.4–7.8%) in unvaccinated individuals. The estimated annual incidence of infection was 735/100,000. Age was the only factor significantly associated with seroprevalence. The seroreversion rate in unvaccinated individuals was 30.3% within one year, which is almost ten times higher than in vaccinated individuals (3.4%, annual decline rate 8.0%). NS1-specific IgG antibodies were six times more common in vaccinated than unvaccinated HCWs. In conclusion, undetected TBEV infections are common, and infection incidence is much higher than reported clinical cases. Individuals with abortive infections have high antibody decline and seroreversion rates. Whether lifelong protection is conferred and by which immune subsets remain unclear. |
| ArticleNumber | 8346 |
| Author | Růžek, Daniel Ackermann-Gäumann, Rahel Grässli, Fabian Vock, Michael Brêchet, Arthur Salát, Jiří Dörr, Tamara Croxatto, Antony Lienhard, Reto Friedl, Andrée Kohler, Philipp Vuichard-Gysin, Danielle |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Arthur surname: Brêchet fullname: Brêchet, Arthur organization: Microbiologie, ADMED Analyses et Diagnostics Médicaux – sequence: 2 givenname: Philipp surname: Kohler fullname: Kohler, Philipp organization: Division of Infectious Diseases, Infection Prevention and Travel Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen – sequence: 3 givenname: Tamara surname: Dörr fullname: Dörr, Tamara organization: Division of Infectious Diseases, Infection Prevention and Travel Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen – sequence: 4 givenname: Fabian surname: Grässli fullname: Grässli, Fabian organization: Division of Infectious Diseases, Infection Prevention and Travel Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen – sequence: 5 givenname: Michael surname: Vock fullname: Vock, Michael organization: Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Bern – sequence: 6 givenname: Jiří surname: Salát fullname: Salát, Jiří organization: Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, Laboratory of Arbovirology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University – sequence: 7 givenname: Daniel surname: Růžek fullname: Růžek, Daniel organization: Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, Laboratory of Arbovirology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University – sequence: 8 givenname: Andrée surname: Friedl fullname: Friedl, Andrée organization: Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital Baden – sequence: 9 givenname: Danielle surname: Vuichard-Gysin fullname: Vuichard-Gysin, Danielle organization: Thurgau Hospital Group, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology – sequence: 10 givenname: Antony surname: Croxatto fullname: Croxatto, Antony organization: Microbiologie, ADMED Analyses et Diagnostics Médicaux, Swiss National Reference Center for Tick-Transmitted Diseases – sequence: 11 givenname: Reto surname: Lienhard fullname: Lienhard, Reto organization: Microbiologie, ADMED Analyses et Diagnostics Médicaux, Swiss National Reference Center for Tick-Transmitted Diseases – sequence: 12 givenname: Rahel surname: Ackermann-Gäumann fullname: Ackermann-Gäumann, Rahel email: rahel.ackermann@itransfusion.ch organization: Microbiologie, ADMED Analyses et Diagnostics Médicaux, Swiss National Reference Center for Tick-Transmitted Diseases, Interregional Blood Transfusion SRC |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40069290$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kktuFDEQhi0URELIBVigltiwoMEut932CkURj0iRWBDWxu3HxEOPPdg9g8gqd-CGnARnOoSEBd6UVfXV71L5f4z2YooOoacEvyKYitelI0yKFgNrJTCOW_IAHQDuWAsUYO_OfR8dlbLE9TCQHZGP0H6HMZcg8QH6ch7M13ZIObrGRePWF3oMUyjNNuRNaYrLaZ3dVo_XxUZH24TonZlCivVmgt3lQ2w-fQ_TpctjRV42gAH_uvpZA3mCHno9Fnd0Ew_R53dvz08-tGcf35-eHJ-1ppPd1HrsQUpLgQ9gWC8NdsJwEEAs85gP2gk6GDZ4hql22BphhAcjBys4JwLoITqddW3SS7XOYaXzD5V0ULtEygul8xTM6BT0mhvdA-XAOu-J9BI4095qyYQd-qr1ZtZab4aVs8bFKevxnuj9SgwXapG2ihAhewJdVXhxo5DTt40rk1qFYtxY1-PSpihKek47kIRW9Pk_6DJtcqy72lEEAHNeqWd3R7qd5c9PVgBmwORUSnb-FiFYXTtGzY5R1TFq5xhFahOdm0qF48Llv2__p-s34v_DCQ |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105941 10.1080/14760584.2017.1358620 10.1089/vbz.2014.1747 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.01.014 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101779 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.12.2200408 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.07.002 10.33442/26613980_12a-6 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4546509/v1 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.2.2300221 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.031 10.1002/jmv.23313 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.00927.x 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.022 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.089 10.3390/vaccines8010081 10.21101/cejph.a5271 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i5.430 10.1128/JCM.02735-14 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.007 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.061 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.082 10.1186/s12916-021-02144-9 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061228 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.041 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352720 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114831 10.1128/CVI.00347-07 10.3390/vaccines10081294 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s) 2025 2025. The Author(s). Copyright Nature Publishing Group 2025 The Author(s) 2025 2025 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s) 2025 – notice: 2025. The Author(s). – notice: Copyright Nature Publishing Group 2025 – notice: The Author(s) 2025 2025 |
| DBID | C6C AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7X7 7XB 88A 88E 88I 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI CCPQU COVID DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ HCIFZ K9. LK8 M0S M1P M2P M7P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-025-92560-1 |
| DatabaseName | Springer Nature Open Access Journals CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Biology Database (Alumni Edition) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Science Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection ProQuest One Community College Coronavirus Research Database ProQuest Central Korea Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Biological Science Collection Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) Medical Database Science Database Biological Science Database ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Publicly Available Content ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) Open Access: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Biology Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Science Journals ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Coronavirus Research Database ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE Publicly Available Content Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology Public Health |
| EISSN | 2045-2322 |
| EndPage | 13 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_27a6ca7236254ff19f9265afda958db7 PMC11897124 40069290 10_1038_s41598_025_92560_1 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Switzerland |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Switzerland |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky grantid: NU21-05-00143; NU21-05-00143 – fundername: Swiss National Sciences Foundation grantid: PZ00P3_179919 – fundername: Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky grantid: NU21-05-00143 |
| GroupedDBID | 0R~ 4.4 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 88I 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAJSJ AAKDD ABDBF ABUWG ACGFS ACUHS ADBBV ADRAZ AENEX AEUYN AFKRA AJTQC ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS AZQEC BAWUL BBNVY BCNDV BENPR BHPHI BPHCQ BVXVI C6C CCPQU DIK DWQXO EBD EBLON EBS ESX FYUFA GNUQQ GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HH5 HMCUK HYE KQ8 LK8 M1P M2P M7P M~E NAO OK1 PHGZT PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RNT RNTTT RPM UKHRP AASML AAYXX AFFHD AFPKN CITATION PHGZM PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB SNYQT CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM PUEGO 3V. 7XB 88A 8FK COVID K9. M48 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c494t-f0f299d326b2c579c0e8c62821d5f06bae83bc5bf503ae0dc8c8f2c9bd8661823 |
| IEDL.DBID | M7P |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 0 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001442602500006&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 03 12:41:37 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 02:03:39 EST 2025 Sun Nov 09 14:47:00 EST 2025 Tue Oct 07 08:06:41 EDT 2025 Mon Sep 15 04:48:12 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 08:09:35 EST 2025 Wed Mar 12 01:31:40 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Keywords | Prevalence Tick-borne encephalitis TBE TBEV Orthoflavivirus Asymptomatic Abortive Incidence |
| Language | English |
| License | 2025. The Author(s). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c494t-f0f299d326b2c579c0e8c62821d5f06bae83bc5bf503ae0dc8c8f2c9bd8661823 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.proquest.com/docview/3176122066?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication% |
| PMID | 40069290 |
| PQID | 3176122066 |
| PQPubID | 2041939 |
| PageCount | 13 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_27a6ca7236254ff19f9265afda958db7 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11897124 proquest_miscellaneous_3176342913 proquest_journals_3176122066 pubmed_primary_40069290 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_92560_1 springer_journals_10_1038_s41598_025_92560_1 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2025-03-11 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-03-11 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2025 text: 2025-03-11 day: 11 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | London |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: London – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | Scientific reports |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Sci Rep |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Sci Rep |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Nature Publishing Group UK – name: Nature Publishing Group – name: Nature Portfolio |
| References | M Zimna (92560_CR14) 2024; 228 92560_CR4 A Loew-Baselli (92560_CR27) 2011; 29 92560_CR7 R Ackermann-Gaumann (92560_CR12) 2023; 322 DY Chao (92560_CR35) 2015; 53 O Zent (92560_CR21) 2004; 23 D Weiskopf (92560_CR30) 2009; 22 P Rendi-Wagner (92560_CR18) 2004; 22 92560_CR33 P Kohler (92560_CR13) 2021; 19 T Baldovin (92560_CR24) 2012; 84 R Ackermann-Gaumann (92560_CR6) 2024; 15 I Galgani (92560_CR26) 2017; 16 92560_CR15 92560_CR32 92560_CR31 R Ackermann-Gaumann (92560_CR3) 2023; 21 J Salat (92560_CR9) 2020; 8 KD Zens (92560_CR29) 2022; 12 HH Askling (92560_CR23) 2012; 30 P Bogovic (92560_CR2) 2015; 3 E Konishi (92560_CR34) 2008; 15 B Albinsson (92560_CR10) 2024; 29 E Dorko (92560_CR22) 2018; 26 R Steffen (92560_CR28) 2021; 12 A Plentz (92560_CR20) 2009; 27 J Lunácková (92560_CR5) 2003; 52 V Baroutsou (92560_CR8) 2020; 38 R Ackermann-Gaumann (92560_CR17) 2018; 9 P Rendi-Wagner (92560_CR19) 2004; 23 D Ruzek (92560_CR1) 2019; 164 K Euringer (92560_CR11) 2023 E Bojkiewicz (92560_CR16) 2022; 10 B Kriz (92560_CR25) 2015; 15 |
| References_xml | – volume: 228 year: 2024 ident: 92560_CR14 publication-title: Antiviral Res. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105941 – volume: 16 start-page: 919 issue: 9 year: 2017 ident: 92560_CR26 publication-title: Exp. Rev. Vaccines doi: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1358620 – volume: 15 start-page: 489 issue: 8 year: 2015 ident: 92560_CR25 publication-title: Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1747 – volume: 164 start-page: 23 year: 2019 ident: 92560_CR1 publication-title: Antiviral Res. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.01.014 – volume: 12 issue: 5 year: 2021 ident: 92560_CR28 publication-title: Ticks Tick Borne Dis. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101779 – year: 2023 ident: 92560_CR11 publication-title: Eurosurveillance doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.12.2200408 – volume: 23 start-page: 427 issue: 4 year: 2004 ident: 92560_CR19 publication-title: Vaccine doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.07.002 – ident: 92560_CR15 doi: 10.33442/26613980_12a-6 – ident: 92560_CR33 doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4546509/v1 – ident: 92560_CR7 – volume: 29 start-page: 2300221 issue: 2 year: 2024 ident: 92560_CR10 publication-title: Eurosurveillance doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.2.2300221 – volume: 9 start-page: 956 issue: 4 year: 2018 ident: 92560_CR17 publication-title: Ticks Tick Borne Dis. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.031 – volume: 84 start-page: 1274 issue: 8 year: 2012 ident: 92560_CR24 publication-title: J. Med. Virol. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23313 – volume: 22 start-page: 1041 issue: 11 year: 2009 ident: 92560_CR30 publication-title: Transpl Int. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.00927.x – volume: 38 start-page: 7825 issue: 49 year: 2020 ident: 92560_CR8 publication-title: Vaccine doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.022 – ident: 92560_CR32 – volume: 29 start-page: 7307 issue: 43 year: 2011 ident: 92560_CR27 publication-title: Vaccine doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.089 – volume: 8 start-page: 81 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 92560_CR9 publication-title: Vaccines doi: 10.3390/vaccines8010081 – volume: 26 start-page: S42 issue: Suppl year: 2018 ident: 92560_CR22 publication-title: Cent Eur J Public Health doi: 10.21101/cejph.a5271 – volume: 3 start-page: 430 issue: 5 year: 2015 ident: 92560_CR2 publication-title: World J Clin Cases. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i5.430 – volume: 53 start-page: 557 issue: 2 year: 2015 ident: 92560_CR35 publication-title: J. Clin. Microbiol. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02735-14 – ident: 92560_CR4 – volume: 52 start-page: 51 issue: 2 year: 2003 ident: 92560_CR5 publication-title: Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. – volume: 23 start-page: 312 issue: 3 year: 2004 ident: 92560_CR21 publication-title: Vaccine doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.007 – volume: 21 start-page: 100 issue: 2 year: 2023 ident: 92560_CR3 publication-title: Blood Transfus. – volume: 30 start-page: 499 issue: 3 year: 2012 ident: 92560_CR23 publication-title: Vaccine doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.061 – volume: 27 start-page: 853 issue: 6 year: 2009 ident: 92560_CR20 publication-title: Vaccine doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.082 – volume: 19 start-page: 270 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: 92560_CR13 publication-title: BMC Med. doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-02144-9 – volume: 12 issue: 4 year: 2022 ident: 92560_CR29 publication-title: BMJ Open. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061228 – volume: 22 start-page: 2743 issue: 21–22 year: 2004 ident: 92560_CR18 publication-title: Vaccine. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.041 – volume: 15 start-page: 1352720 year: 2024 ident: 92560_CR6 publication-title: Front. Immunol. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352720 – volume: 322 year: 2023 ident: 92560_CR12 publication-title: J Virol Methods. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114831 – ident: 92560_CR31 – volume: 15 start-page: 88 issue: 1 year: 2008 ident: 92560_CR34 publication-title: Clin. Vaccine Immunol. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00347-07 – volume: 10 start-page: 1294 issue: 8 year: 2022 ident: 92560_CR16 publication-title: Vaccines doi: 10.3390/vaccines10081294 |
| SSID | ssj0000529419 |
| Score | 2.444285 |
| Snippet | Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection can manifest as disease of variable severity, ranging from subclinical infection to severe disease with... Abstract Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection can manifest as disease of variable severity, ranging from subclinical infection to severe disease with... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref springer |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 8346 |
| SubjectTerms | 631/326/1762 631/326/596 631/326/596/2562 Adult Aged Antibodies Antibodies, Viral - blood Antibodies, Viral - immunology Encephalitis Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne - immunology Encephalitis, Tick-Borne - blood Encephalitis, Tick-Borne - epidemiology Encephalitis, Tick-Borne - immunology Encephalitis, Tick-Borne - virology Env protein Female Health Personnel Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin G - blood Immunoglobulin G - immunology Incidence Infections Male Medical personnel Middle Aged multidisciplinary Orthoflavivirus Prevalence Prospective Studies Proteins Public health Risk factors Science Science (multidisciplinary) Seroepidemiologic Studies Serology Subclinical infection Switzerland - epidemiology TBE TBEV Tick-borne encephalitis Vaccination Young Adult |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Open Access: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3LbtUwEB2hCiQ2iDeBgozEjlqN7Tixl4CoWKAKiYK6M7ZjqxFSWt1HEV31H_jDfknHdu6ll4fYsEoUZ2HNGeccx_MAeBECkjYTjHbIBbSRzFHUzYq2ziG71aHrcpTv5_fd_r46PNQfrrT6SjFhpTxwMdwu72zrbcfxQyubGJmOmrfSxt5qqXqX88hR9VzZTJWq3lw3TE9ZMrVQu3NkqpRNxiXVieYp22CiXLD_Tyrz92DJX05MMxHt3YZbk4Ikr8rM78C1MN6FG6Wn5Pd78OVg8F8pIjsGklbtyVFS2sOcnA6z5Zygx6W-J-hfaZDYsSereKyRpP_uucco3pGP34bFWckF3iEc9d7F-Q-8sPvwae_twZt3dGqjQH2jmwWNdUTO6VGnOe5lp30dlEc8OOtlrFtngxLOSxdlLWyoe6-8itxr1yskb8XFA9gaj8fwCAiKIZS5IjrpGNozuIaFVgSnaosbWtVV8HJlUnNSqmWYfMotlCkAGATAZAAMq-B1svr6zVTpOj9A_M2Ev_kX_hVsrzAz0_KbGxRFqNxSpfoKnq-HceGk0xA7huNleUcgGzNRwcMC8XomTSrgzHVdgdoAf2OqmyPjcJSLc-OGTXcomirYWfnJz3n93RaP_4ctnsBNnhw8hRuybdhazJbhKVz3p-hls2d5hVwCGgsSsQ priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Title | Tick-borne encephalitis virus seroprevalence and infection incidence in Switzerland, 2020–2021 |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-025-92560-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40069290 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3176122066 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3176342913 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11897124 https://doaj.org/article/27a6ca7236254ff19f9265afda958db7 |
| Volume | 15 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001442602500006&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: M2P dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwEB7RFiQkxKNACZSVkbhRq7GdrO0ToqgVSHQVQUHLKcSOQ6NK2WUfRXDiP_AP-SWMnWSr5XXhkqziSOtkZvx9mRnPADx2DkGbCUYlYgFNUmYo8mZFh8YgusVOypDl--6VHI3UeKyzzuE279Iq-zUxLNTlxHof-T7iHIKxLz7-dPqJ-q5RPrratdDYgC1fJUGE1L1s5WPxUayE6W6vTCzU_hzxyu8p4ynVHuwpW8OjULb_T1zz95TJX-KmAY6Obvzvg9yE6x0RJc9azbkFl1yzDVfa1pRftuFa688j7Tal2_DhpLZnFBWmccQvBtNTT-DrOTmvZ8s5QUX27VRQbf0gKZqS9GleDfHu_NC6FH-RN5_rxdd2i_Ee4Ugjf3z7jid2B94eHZ48f0G77gzUJjpZ0CquEMpKpH-G21RqGztlUcyclWkVD03hlDA2NVUai8LFpVVWVdxqUyrkBIqLu7DZTBp3DwhyLGTPojKpYSggZxLmhsIZFRf4naxkBE96GeXTtghHHoLnQuWtRHOUaB4kmrMIDrwYV3f6AtrhwmT2Me_sMeeyGNpCcsTvNKkqpivNh2lRlYVOVWnwL3d76eWdVc_zC9FF8Gg1jPbogyxF4ybL9h6BIM9EBDutzqxmkvi60FzHEag1bVqb6vpIU5-Gmt_4HaglcrEI9nrFu5jX39_F_X8_xgO4yr0t-PxEtgubi9nSPYTL9hz1ZzaADTmW4agGsHVwOMpeD4LPAo_HPBsEY8OR7OVx9v4nLpMsbw |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3LbtQwFL2qCggkxKO8AgWMBCtqNXbixF4gxKtq1WFUiQF158aOQyOkzDCPVmXFP_AffBRfwrUzmWp47bpglSiOFCc5995j3xfAY-fQaLOE0RxtAU0FMxR5s6SZMWjdYpfnIcr3Qy_v9-X-vtpbge9dLowPq-x0YlDU5dD6PfJNtHNojH3x8eejz9R3jfLe1a6FRguLXXdyjEu2ybOd1_h_n3C-9WbwapvOuwpQm6p0Squ4QhVcIm0x3Ipc2dhJi9PjrBRVnJnCycRYYSoRJ4WLSyutrLhVppRoy6QvdIAq_xzSCC5DqODeYk_He81Spua5OXEiNydoH30OGxdUeXJB2ZL9C20C_sRtfw_R_MVPG8zf1tX_7cNdgytzok1etJJxHVZcswYX2tabJ2twud2vJG0a1g04GNT2E0WBaBzxym506Bco9YQc1ePZhKCg-nYxKJZ-kBRNSbowtoZ4d0VozYpn5N1xPf3SplBvEI40-cfXb3hgN-H9mbzuLVhtho27AwQ5JK4OksoIwxAQzqTMZYkzMi4EUqY8gqcdJvSoLTKiQ3BAInWLII0I0gFBmkXw0sNmcacvEB4uDMcf9VzfaJ4XmS1yjvxEpFXFVKV4JoqqLJSQpcFHrndo0XOtNdGnUIng0WIY9Y13IhWNG87aexIkMSyJ4HaL0cVMUl_3mqs4ArmE3qWpLo809WGoaY7rXJUj14xgowP66bz-_i3u_vs1HsLF7cHbnu7t9HfvwSXu5dDHYrJ1WJ2OZ-4-nLdHiKXxgyDIBA7OWgB-AhgDg1M |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3LbtQwFL2qykNIiEcpEChgJFhRa2InntgLhIAyomo1GomCuktjx25HlTLDPFqVFf_A3_A5fAnXTjLV8Np1wSpRHClOcu69x74vgGfWotFmCaMZ2gKaCqYp8mZJu1qjdYttloUo30-7Wb8v9_fVYAW-t7kwPqyy1YlBUZcj4_fIO2jn0Bj74uMd14RFDLZ6r8afqe8g5T2tbTuNGiI79uwUl2_Tl9tb-K-fc957t_f2PW06DFCTqnRGXexQHZdIYTQ3IlMmttLgVDkrhYu7urAy0UZoJ-KksHFppJGOG6VLiXZN-qIHqP4vZb5oeQgbHCz2d7wHLWWqydOJE9mZoq30-WxcUOWJBmVLtjC0DPgTz_09XPMXn20whb2b__NHvAU3GgJOXtcScxtWbLUGV-qWnGdrcL3exyR1etYdONgbmmOKglJZ4pXg-MgvXIZTcjKczKcEBdi3kUFx9YOkqErShrdVxLsxQstWPCMfToezL3Vq9SbhSJ9_fP2GB7YOHy_kde_CajWq7H0gyC1x1ZA4LTRDcFidMttNrJZxIZBKZRG8aPGRj-viI3kIGkhkXqMpRzTlAU05i-CNh9DiTl84PFwYTQ7zRg_lPCu6psg48haROseUU7wrClcWSshS4yM3WuTkjTab5uewieDpYhj1kHcuFZUdzet7EiQ3LIngXo3XxUxSXw-bqzgCuYTkpakuj1TDo1DrHNe_KkMOGsFmC_rzef39Wzz492s8gauI-3x3u7_zEK5xL5I-RJNtwOpsMreP4LI5QShNHgeZJnBw0fj_CRRbjBA |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tick-borne+encephalitis+virus+seroprevalence+and+infection+incidence+in+Switzerland%2C+2020%E2%80%932021&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.au=Br%C3%AAchet%2C+Arthur&rft.au=Kohler%2C+Philipp&rft.au=D%C3%B6rr%2C+Tamara&rft.au=Gr%C3%A4ssli%2C+Fabian&rft.date=2025-03-11&rft.pub=Nature+Publishing+Group+UK&rft.eissn=2045-2322&rft.volume=15&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41598-025-92560-1&rft.externalDocID=PMC11897124 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon |