Neural transmission in the wired brain, new insights into an encoding-decoding-based neuronal communication model

Brain activity is known to be rife with oscillatory activity in different frequencies, which are suggested to be associated with intra-brain communication. However, the specific role of frequencies in neuronal information transfer is still an open question. To this end, we utilized EEG resting state...

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Vydáno v:	Translational psychiatry Ročník 15; číslo 1; s. 288 - 11
Hlavní autor:	Kinreich, Sivan
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 16.08.2025 Nature Publishing Group
Témata:	631/378 631/443 692/53/2421 Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - physiopathology Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Behavioral Sciences Biological Psychology Brain - physiology Brain - physiopathology Brain research Child Child, Preschool Communication Datasets Electrodes Electroencephalography Female Humans Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Models, Neurological Neurons Neurosciences Obsessive compulsive disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - physiopathology Parkinson Disease - physiopathology Parkinson's disease Pharmacotherapy Psychiatry Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - physiopathology Synaptic Transmission - physiology Young Adult
ISSN:	2158-3188, 2158-3188
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Abstract	Brain activity is known to be rife with oscillatory activity in different frequencies, which are suggested to be associated with intra-brain communication. However, the specific role of frequencies in neuronal information transfer is still an open question. To this end, we utilized EEG resting state recordings from 5 public datasets. Overall, data from 1668 participants, including people with MDD, ADHD, OCD, Parkinson’s, Schizophrenia, and healthy controls aged 5–89, were part of the study. We conducted a running window of Spearman correlation between the two frontal hemispheres’ Alpha envelopes. The results of this analysis revealed a unique pattern of correlation states alternating between fully synchronized and desynchronized several times per second, likely due to the interference pattern between two signals of slightly different frequencies, also named “Beating”. Subsequent analysis showed this unique pattern in every pair of ipsilateral/contralateral, across frequencies, either in eyes closed or open, and across all ages, underscoring its inherent significance. Biomarker analysis revealed significantly lower synchronization and higher desynchronization for people older than 50 compared to younger ones and lower ADHD desynchronization compared to age-matched controls. Importantly, we propose a new brain communication model in which frequency modulation creates a binary message encoded and decoded by brain regions for information transfer. We suggest that the binary-like pattern allows the neural information to be coded according to certain physiological and biological rules known to both the sender and recipient. This digital-like scheme has the potential to be exploited in brain-computer interaction and applied technologies such as robotics.
AbstractList	Abstract Brain activity is known to be rife with oscillatory activity in different frequencies, which are suggested to be associated with intra-brain communication. However, the specific role of frequencies in neuronal information transfer is still an open question. To this end, we utilized EEG resting state recordings from 5 public datasets. Overall, data from 1668 participants, including people with MDD, ADHD, OCD, Parkinson’s, Schizophrenia, and healthy controls aged 5–89, were part of the study. We conducted a running window of Spearman correlation between the two frontal hemispheres’ Alpha envelopes. The results of this analysis revealed a unique pattern of correlation states alternating between fully synchronized and desynchronized several times per second, likely due to the interference pattern between two signals of slightly different frequencies, also named “Beating”. Subsequent analysis showed this unique pattern in every pair of ipsilateral/contralateral, across frequencies, either in eyes closed or open, and across all ages, underscoring its inherent significance. Biomarker analysis revealed significantly lower synchronization and higher desynchronization for people older than 50 compared to younger ones and lower ADHD desynchronization compared to age-matched controls. Importantly, we propose a new brain communication model in which frequency modulation creates a binary message encoded and decoded by brain regions for information transfer. We suggest that the binary-like pattern allows the neural information to be coded according to certain physiological and biological rules known to both the sender and recipient. This digital-like scheme has the potential to be exploited in brain-computer interaction and applied technologies such as robotics. Brain activity is known to be rife with oscillatory activity in different frequencies, which are suggested to be associated with intra-brain communication. However, the specific role of frequencies in neuronal information transfer is still an open question. To this end, we utilized EEG resting state recordings from 5 public datasets. Overall, data from 1668 participants, including people with MDD, ADHD, OCD, Parkinson’s, Schizophrenia, and healthy controls aged 5–89, were part of the study. We conducted a running window of Spearman correlation between the two frontal hemispheres’ Alpha envelopes. The results of this analysis revealed a unique pattern of correlation states alternating between fully synchronized and desynchronized several times per second, likely due to the interference pattern between two signals of slightly different frequencies, also named “Beating”. Subsequent analysis showed this unique pattern in every pair of ipsilateral/contralateral, across frequencies, either in eyes closed or open, and across all ages, underscoring its inherent significance. Biomarker analysis revealed significantly lower synchronization and higher desynchronization for people older than 50 compared to younger ones and lower ADHD desynchronization compared to age-matched controls. Importantly, we propose a new brain communication model in which frequency modulation creates a binary message encoded and decoded by brain regions for information transfer. We suggest that the binary-like pattern allows the neural information to be coded according to certain physiological and biological rules known to both the sender and recipient. This digital-like scheme has the potential to be exploited in brain-computer interaction and applied technologies such as robotics. Brain activity is known to be rife with oscillatory activity in different frequencies, which are suggested to be associated with intra-brain communication. However, the specific role of frequencies in neuronal information transfer is still an open question. To this end, we utilized EEG resting state recordings from 5 public datasets. Overall, data from 1668 participants, including people with MDD, ADHD, OCD, Parkinson's, Schizophrenia, and healthy controls aged 5-89, were part of the study. We conducted a running window of Spearman correlation between the two frontal hemispheres' Alpha envelopes. The results of this analysis revealed a unique pattern of correlation states alternating between fully synchronized and desynchronized several times per second, likely due to the interference pattern between two signals of slightly different frequencies, also named "Beating". Subsequent analysis showed this unique pattern in every pair of ipsilateral/contralateral, across frequencies, either in eyes closed or open, and across all ages, underscoring its inherent significance. Biomarker analysis revealed significantly lower synchronization and higher desynchronization for people older than 50 compared to younger ones and lower ADHD desynchronization compared to age-matched controls. Importantly, we propose a new brain communication model in which frequency modulation creates a binary message encoded and decoded by brain regions for information transfer. We suggest that the binary-like pattern allows the neural information to be coded according to certain physiological and biological rules known to both the sender and recipient. This digital-like scheme has the potential to be exploited in brain-computer interaction and applied technologies such as robotics.Brain activity is known to be rife with oscillatory activity in different frequencies, which are suggested to be associated with intra-brain communication. However, the specific role of frequencies in neuronal information transfer is still an open question. To this end, we utilized EEG resting state recordings from 5 public datasets. Overall, data from 1668 participants, including people with MDD, ADHD, OCD, Parkinson's, Schizophrenia, and healthy controls aged 5-89, were part of the study. We conducted a running window of Spearman correlation between the two frontal hemispheres' Alpha envelopes. The results of this analysis revealed a unique pattern of correlation states alternating between fully synchronized and desynchronized several times per second, likely due to the interference pattern between two signals of slightly different frequencies, also named "Beating". Subsequent analysis showed this unique pattern in every pair of ipsilateral/contralateral, across frequencies, either in eyes closed or open, and across all ages, underscoring its inherent significance. Biomarker analysis revealed significantly lower synchronization and higher desynchronization for people older than 50 compared to younger ones and lower ADHD desynchronization compared to age-matched controls. Importantly, we propose a new brain communication model in which frequency modulation creates a binary message encoded and decoded by brain regions for information transfer. We suggest that the binary-like pattern allows the neural information to be coded according to certain physiological and biological rules known to both the sender and recipient. This digital-like scheme has the potential to be exploited in brain-computer interaction and applied technologies such as robotics.
ArticleNumber	288
Author	Kinreich, Sivan
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Title	Neural transmission in the wired brain, new insights into an encoding-decoding-based neuronal communication model
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