Biomarkers in long COVID-19: A systematic review

Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, refers to the constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by people suffering persistent symptoms for one or more months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood biomarkers can be altered in long COVID patients; however, biomarkers associated w...

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Vydané v:Frontiers in medicine Ročník 10; s. 1085988
Hlavní autori: Lai, Yun-Ju, Liu, Shou-Hou, Manachevakul, Sumatchara, Lee, Te-An, Kuo, Chun-Tse, Bello, Dhimiter
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Switzerland Frontiers Media SA 20.01.2023
Frontiers Media S.A
Predmet:
Acids
biomarker
Biomarkers
Chemokines
CRP
Cytokines
Disease
Health care
Hemoglobin
IL-6
Infections
Long COVID
Medicine
Patients
Proteins
Questionnaires
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Systematic review
TNF-α
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Vascular endothelial growth factor
CRP
long COVID
TNF-α
biomarker
IL-6
ISSN:2296-858X, 2296-858X
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Shrnutí:Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, refers to the constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by people suffering persistent symptoms for one or more months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood biomarkers can be altered in long COVID patients; however, biomarkers associated with long COVID symptoms and their roles in disease progression remain undetermined. This study aims to systematically evaluate blood biomarkers that may act as indicators or therapeutic targets for long COVID. A systematic literature review in PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL was performed on 18 August 2022. The search keywords long COVID-19 symptoms and biomarkers were used to filter out the eligible studies, which were then carefully evaluated. Identified from 28 studies and representing six biological classifications, 113 biomarkers were significantly associated with long COVID: (1) Cytokine/Chemokine (38, 33.6%); (2) Biochemical markers (24, 21.2%); (3) Vascular markers (20, 17.7%); (4) Neurological markers (6, 5.3%); (5) Acute phase protein (5, 4.4%); and (6) Others (20, 17.7%). Compared with healthy control or recovered patients without long COVID symptoms, 79 biomarkers were increased, 29 were decreased, and 5 required further determination in the long COVID patients. Of these, up-regulated Interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor alpha might serve as the potential diagnostic biomarkers for long COVID. Moreover, long COVID patients with neurological symptoms exhibited higher levels of neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein whereas those with pulmonary symptoms exhibited a higher level of transforming growth factor beta. Long COVID patients present elevated inflammatory biomarkers after initial infection. Our study found significant associations between specific biomarkers and long COVID symptoms. Further investigations are warranted to identify a core set of blood biomarkers that can be used to diagnose and manage long COVID patients in clinical practice.
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Reviewed by: Patrizia Pignatti, Scientific Clinical Institute Maugeri (ICS Maugeri), Italy; Cristian Cojocaru, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania
These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
Edited by: Gloria Pérez-Rubio, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Mexico
This article was submitted to Infectious Diseases: Pathogenesis and Therapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Medicine
ISSN:2296-858X
2296-858X
DOI:10.3389/fmed.2023.1085988