Is Gut Microbiota a Key Player in Epilepsy Onset? A Longitudinal Study in Drug-Naive Children

Microbiota alterations have been recently investigated in individuals with epilepsy and in other neurological diseases as environmental factors that play a role, by acting through the gut-brain axis, in the pathological process. Most studies focus on the contribution of bacterial communities in refr...

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Published in:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology Vol. 11; p. 749509
Main Authors: Ceccarani, Camilla, Viganò, Ilaria, Ottaviano, Emerenziana, Redaelli, Maria Gaia, Severgnini, Marco, Vignoli, Aglaia, Borghi, Elisa
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media SA 03.12.2021
Frontiers Media S.A
Subjects:
Akkermansia
Biodiversity
Brain-Gut Axis
Caregivers
Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Child
Children
Convulsions & seizures
Drug resistance
Drug therapy
Enrollments
Environmental factors
Epilepsy
Feces
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Genetic testing
Gut microbiota
Gut-brain axis
High fat diet
Humans
inflammation
Intestinal microflora
Ketogenesis
Longitudinal Studies
Low carbohydrate diet
Metabolism
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Neurological diseases
Patients
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Pilot Projects
Proteobacteria
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
rRNA 16S
Seizures
Software
Taxonomy
United States > US
epilepsy
Proteobacteria
inflammation
Akkermansia
seizures
anti-seizure medication
gut microbiota
ISSN:2235-2988, 2235-2988
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Microbiota alterations have been recently investigated in individuals with epilepsy and in other neurological diseases as environmental factors that play a role, by acting through the gut-brain axis, in the pathological process. Most studies focus on the contribution of bacterial communities in refractory epilepsy and suggest a beneficial role of ketogenic diet in modulating the gut microbiota and seizure occurrence. However, they do not evaluate whether epilepsy itself alters the gut microbiota in these patients or if the gut microbial communities could contribute as a seizure trigger. In this pilot study, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing and investigated the gut microbial communities of eight children at their seizure onset and after anti-seizure was started (one year follow-up) and we compared microbial data with seven healthy children, age- and sex-matched. In drug-naive subjects, we observed a microbial signature that shared several features with those reported in refractory epilepsy, such as an increased abundance in Akkermansia spp. and Proteobacteria and a decreased relative abundance in Faecalibacterium spp.We suggest that a bacterial-mediated proinflammatory milieu could contribute to seizure occurrence in children with new onset of epilepsy, as already reported for individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy, and that it could vary during treatment in those who are drug-responsive.
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This article was submitted to Microbiome in Health and Disease, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Edited by: Pasquale Striano, University of Genoa, Italy
Reviewed by: Antonella Riva, University of Genoa, Italy; Carmen De Caro, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy; Shan Liang, Institute of Microbiology (CAS), China
ISSN:2235-2988
2235-2988
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2021.749509