Phenylketonuria Diet Promotes Shifts in Firmicutes Populations

Low-phenylalanine diet, the mainstay of treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU), has been shown to increase glycemic index and glycemic load, affecting the availability of substrates for microbial fermentation. Indeed, changes in the PKU gut microbiota compared with healthy controls have been previously...

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Vydáno v:	Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology Ročník 9; s. 101
Hlavní autoři:	Bassanini, Giulia, Ceccarani, Camilla, Borgo, Francesca, Severgnini, Marco, Rovelli, Valentina, Morace, Giulia, Verduci, Elvira, Borghi, Elisa
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Switzerland Frontiers Media SA 16.04.2019 Frontiers Media S.A
Témata:	Anthropometry Antibiotics Carbohydrates Cellular and Infection Microbiology Children Cluster Analysis Diet Diet - methods Diet Therapy - methods Dietary intake DNA, Bacterial - chemistry DNA, Bacterial - genetics DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry DNA, Ribosomal - genetics Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Fatty Acids - analysis Feces Feces - chemistry Feces - microbiology Fermentation Firmicutes Firmicutes - drug effects Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects Genetic testing Glycemic index Gut microbiota High protein diet Humans Indicator species Intestinal microflora Lachnospiraceae Low protein diet Metabolism Metabolites Microbiomes Microbiota mild hyperphenylalaninemia Nutrient deficiency Phenylketonuria Phenylketonurias - therapy Phylogenetics Phylogeny Proteins RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics rRNA 16S Sequence Analysis, DNA Software Standard scores Taxonomy Thermal cycling Vegetarian diet United States > US Italy Germany microbiota glycemic index butyrate Faecalibacterium prausnitzii mild hyperphenylalaninemia diet phenylketonuria
ISSN:	2235-2988, 2235-2988
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Shrnutí:	Low-phenylalanine diet, the mainstay of treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU), has been shown to increase glycemic index and glycemic load, affecting the availability of substrates for microbial fermentation. Indeed, changes in the PKU gut microbiota compared with healthy controls have been previously reported. In this study we compared the gut microbial communities of children with PKU and with mild hyperphenylalaninemia (MHP, unrestricted diet). For each group, we enrolled 21 children (4-18 years old), for a total dataset of 42 subjects. We assessed dietary intake and performed gut microbiota analysis by sequencing the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were quantified by gas chromatographic analysis. While alpha-diversity analysis showed no significant differences between PKU and MHP groups, microbial community analysis highlighted a significant separation of the gut microbiota according to both unweighted ( = 0.008) and weighted Unifrac distances ( = 0.033). Major differences were seen within the Firmicutes phylum. Indeed, PKU children were depleted in spp. and enriched in spp. and spp (family ). We found a divergent response of members of the Firmicutes phylum with respect to daily glycemic index, higher in PKU children. , unclassified and, to a lesser extent spp. negatively correlated with glycemic index, whereas unclassified were positively associated. Indicator species analysis suggested be related to MHP status and to be associated with PKU. Despite PKU children having a higher vegetable and fiber intake, resembling a vegan diet, their gut microbial profile is different from the microbiota reported in the literature for individuals consuming a high-fiber/low-protein diet. Indeed, beneficial microorganisms, such as , considered a biomarker for a healthy status and one of the main butyrate producers, are depleted in PKU gut microbiota. We suggest that both the quality and quantity of carbohydrates ingested participate in determining the observed Firmicutes shifts on the PKU population.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Edited by: Benoit Chassaing, Georgia State University, United States These authors have contributed equally to this work Reviewed by: Silvia Turroni, University of Bologna, Italy; Devin Holman, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada This article was submitted to Microbiome in Health and Disease, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
ISSN:	2235-2988 2235-2988
DOI:	10.3389/fcimb.2019.00101