Who Is at Risk of Poor Mental Health Following Coronavirus Disease-19 Outpatient Management?

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) convalescents are at risk of developing a mental health disorder or worsening of a pre-existing one. COVID-19 outpatients have been less well characterized than their hospitalized counterparts. The objectives of our study were to identify indicators for poor mental...

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Vydané v:Frontiers in medicine Ročník 9; s. 792881
Hlavní autori: Hüfner, Katharina, Tymoszuk, Piotr, Ausserhofer, Dietmar, Sahanic, Sabina, Pizzini, Alex, Rass, Verena, Galffy, Matyas, Böhm, Anna, Kurz, Katharina, Sonnweber, Thomas, Tancevski, Ivan, Kiechl, Stefan, Huber, Andreas, Plagg, Barbara, Wiedermann, Christian J., Bellmann-Weiler, Rosa, Bachler, Herbert, Weiss, Günter, Piccoliori, Giuliano, Helbok, Raimund, Loeffler-Ragg, Judith, Sperner-Unterweger, Barbara
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Switzerland Frontiers Media SA 14.03.2022
Frontiers Media S.A
Predmet:
Algorithms
Anxiety
Clustering
COVID-19
Datasets
depression
Hospitalization
Hypothesis testing
Infections
Medical records
Medicine
Mental depression
Mental disorders
Mental health
mental stress
neurocognitive
Patients
Questionnaires
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Statistical analysis
Stress
Variables
COVID-19
anxiety
SARS-CoV-2
neurocognitive
long COVID
depression
machine learning
mental stress
ISSN:2296-858X, 2296-858X
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Shrnutí:Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) convalescents are at risk of developing a mental health disorder or worsening of a pre-existing one. COVID-19 outpatients have been less well characterized than their hospitalized counterparts. The objectives of our study were to identify indicators for poor mental health following COVID-19 outpatient management and to identify high-risk individuals. We conducted a binational online survey study with adult non-hospitalized COVID-19 convalescents (Austria/AT: = 1,157, Italy/IT: = 893). Primary endpoints were positive screening for depression and anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-4) and self-perceived overall mental health (OMH) and quality of life (QoL) rated with 4 point Likert scales. Psychosocial stress was surveyed with a modified PHQ stress module. Associations of the mental health and QoL with socio-demographic, COVID-19 course, and recovery variables were assessed by multi-parameter Random Forest and Poisson modeling. Mental health risk subsets were defined by self-organizing maps (SOMs) and hierarchical clustering algorithms. The survey analyses are publicly available (https://im2-ibk.shinyapps.io/mental_health_dashboard/). Depression and/or anxiety before infection was reported by 4.6% (IT)/6% (AT) of participants. At a median of 79 days (AT)/96 days (IT) post-COVID-19 onset, 12.4% (AT)/19.3% (IT) of subjects were screened positive for anxiety and 17.3% (AT)/23.2% (IT) for depression. Over one-fifth of the respondents rated their OMH (AT: 21.8%, IT: 24.1%) or QoL (AT: 20.3%, IT: 25.9%) as fair or poor. Psychosocial stress, physical performance loss, high numbers of acute and sub-acute COVID-19 complaints, and the presence of acute and sub-acute neurocognitive symptoms (impaired concentration, confusion, and forgetfulness) were the strongest correlates of deteriorating mental health and poor QoL. In clustering analysis, these variables defined subsets with a particularly high propensity of post-COVID-19 mental health impairment and decreased QoL. Pre-existing depression or anxiety (DA) was associated with an increased symptom burden during acute COVID-19 and recovery. Our study revealed a bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 symptoms and mental health. We put forward specific acute symptoms of the disease as "red flags" of mental health deterioration, which should prompt general practitioners to identify non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients who may benefit from early psychological and psychiatric intervention. [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04661462].
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Reviewed by: Rembert Koczulla, Andreas Rembert Koczulla, Germany; Jurjen Luykx, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
Edited by: Victoria Bunik, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
This article was submitted to Translational Medicine, a section of the journal Frontiers in Medicine
ISSN:2296-858X
2296-858X
DOI:10.3389/fmed.2022.792881