The Indispensable Roles of Microglia and Astrocytes during Brain Development

Glia are essential for brain functioning during development and in the adult brain. Here, we discuss the various roles of both microglia and astrocytes, and their interactions during brain development. Although both cells are fundamentally different in origin and function, they often affect the same...

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Vydáno v:Frontiers in human neuroscience Ročník 10; s. 566
Hlavní autoři: Reemst, Kitty, Noctor, Stephen C., Lucassen, Paul J., Hol, Elly M.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 08.11.2016
Frontiers Media S.A
Témata:
Angiogenesis
Astrocytes
Brain Development
glial cells
Gliogenesis
Microglia
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neuroscience
Synaptogenesis
brain development
glial cells
astrocytes
microglia
neurodevelopmental disorders
ISSN:1662-5161, 1662-5161
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Shrnutí:Glia are essential for brain functioning during development and in the adult brain. Here, we discuss the various roles of both microglia and astrocytes, and their interactions during brain development. Although both cells are fundamentally different in origin and function, they often affect the same developmental processes such as neuro-/gliogenesis, angiogenesis, axonal outgrowth, synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning. Due to their important instructive roles in these processes, dysfunction of microglia or astrocytes during brain development could contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders and potentially even late-onset neuropathology. A better understanding of the origin, differentiation process and developmental functions of microglia and astrocytes will help to fully appreciate their role both in the developing as well as in the adult brain, in health and disease.
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Shared senior authorship.
Edited by: Rajeev Krishnadas, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK
Reviewed by: Yvonne Nolan, University College Cork, Ireland; Amanda Sierra, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Spain
ISSN:1662-5161
1662-5161
DOI:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00566