Can chronic stretching change the muscle‐tendon mechanical properties? A review

It is recognized that stretching is an effective method to chronically increase the joint range of motion. However, the effects of stretching training on the muscle‐tendon structural properties remain unclear. This systematic review with meta‐analysis aimed to determine whether chronic stretching al...

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Vydané v:	Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports Ročník 28; číslo 3; s. 794 - 806
Hlavní autori:	Freitas, S. R., Mendes, B., Le Sant, G., Andrade, R. J., Nordez, A., Milanovic, Z.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Denmark Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.03.2018 Wiley
Predmet:	Adaptation, Physiological Adaptation, Physiological Elasticity Humans Muscle Stretching Exercises Muscle, Skeletal / physiology Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Range of Motion, Articular Tendons / physiology Torque dynamic stretching Elasticity flexibility training Human health and pathology Humans Life Sciences Mechanical properties Meta-analysis muscle architecture Muscle Stretching Exercises Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Muscular system Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Range of Motion, Articular static stretching stiffness Systematic review Tendons Tendons - physiology Torque dynamic stretching proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation muscle architecture stiffness static stretching mechanical properties flexibility training Flexibility training Muscle architecture Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation Mechanical properties Static stretching Stiffness Dynamic stretching
ISSN:	0905-7188, 1600-0838, 1600-0838
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Shrnutí:	It is recognized that stretching is an effective method to chronically increase the joint range of motion. However, the effects of stretching training on the muscle‐tendon structural properties remain unclear. This systematic review with meta‐analysis aimed to determine whether chronic stretching alter the muscle‐tendon structural properties. Published papers regarding longitudinal stretching (static, dynamic and/or PNF) intervention (either randomized or not) in humans of any age and health status, with more than 2 weeks in duration and at least 2 sessions per week, were searched in PubMed, PEDro, ScienceDirect and ResearchGate databases. Structural or mechanical variables from joint (maximal tolerated passive torque or resistance to stretch) or muscle‐tendon unit (muscle architecture, stiffness, extensibility, shear modulus, volume, thickness, cross‐sectional area, and slack length) were extracted from those papers. A total of 26 studies were selected, with a duration ranging from 3 to 8 weeks, and an average total time under stretching of 1165 seconds per week. Small effects were seen for maximal tolerated passive torque, but trivial effects were seen for joint resistance to stretch, muscle architecture, muscle stiffness, and tendon stiffness. A large heterogeneity was seen for most of the variables. Stretching interventions with 3‐ to 8‐week duration do not seem to change either the muscle or the tendon properties, although it increases the extensibility and tolerance to a greater tensile force. Adaptations to chronic stretching protocols shorter than 8 weeks seem to mostly occur at a sensory level.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-4
ISSN:	0905-7188 1600-0838 1600-0838
DOI:	10.1111/sms.12957