Disentangling fine particles (PM2.5) composition in Hanoi, Vietnam: Emission sources and oxidative potential
A comprehensive chemical characterization of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was conducted at an urban site in one of the most densely populated cities of Vietnam, Hanoi. Chemical analysis of a series of 57 daily PM2.5 samples obtained in 2019–2020 included the quantification of a detailed set of ch...
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| Published in: | The Science of the total environment Vol. 923; p. 171466 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Netherlands
Elsevier B.V
01.05.2024
Elsevier |
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| ISSN: | 0048-9697, 1879-1026, 1879-1026 |
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| Abstract | A comprehensive chemical characterization of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was conducted at an urban site in one of the most densely populated cities of Vietnam, Hanoi. Chemical analysis of a series of 57 daily PM2.5 samples obtained in 2019–2020 included the quantification of a detailed set of chemical tracers as well as the oxidative potential (OP), which estimates the ability of PM to catalyze reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vivo as an initial step of health effects due to oxidative stress. The PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 8.3 to 148 μg m−3, with an annual average of 40.2 ± 26.3 μg m−3 (from September 2019 to December 2020). Our results obtained by applying the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source-receptor apportionment model showed the contribution of nine PM2.5 sources. The main anthropogenic sources contributing to the PM mass concentrations were heavy fuel oil (HFO) combustion (25.3 %), biomass burning (20 %), primary traffic (7.6 %) and long-range transport aerosols (10.6 %). The OP activities were evaluated for the first time in an urban site in Vietnam. The average OPv levels obtained in our study were 3.9 ± 2.4 and 4.5 ± 3.2 nmol min−1 m−3 for OPDTT and OPAA, respectively. We assessed the contribution to OPDTT and OPAA of each PM2.5 source by applying multilinear regression models. It shows that the sources associated with human activities (HFO combustion, biomass burning and primary traffic) are the sources driving OP exposure, suggesting that they should be the first sources to be controlled in future mitigation strategies. This study gives for the first time an extensive and long-term chemical characterization of PM2.5, providing also a link between emission sources, ambient concentrations and exposure to air pollution at an urban site in Hanoi, Vietnam.
[Display omitted]
•PM2.5 levels are 2 times higher than the national threshold and surpass the daily WHO guidelines.•The PMF model disentangled nine sources contributing to the total PM2.5 mass at the sampling site.•Anthropogenic sources strongly impact the PM2.5 and the oxidative potential in Hanoi.•Traffic, biomass burning, and heavy oil fuel are the sources ruling the oxidative potential of PM2.5.•The largest exposure benefits may be achieved via reductions in fossil fuel combustion emissions. |
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| AbstractList | A comprehensive chemical characterization of fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) was conducted at an urban site in one of the most densely populated cities of Vietnam, Hanoi. Chemical analysis of a series of 57 daily PM₂.₅ samples obtained in 2019–2020 included the quantification of a detailed set of chemical tracers as well as the oxidative potential (OP), which estimates the ability of PM to catalyze reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vivo as an initial step of health effects due to oxidative stress. The PM₂.₅ concentrations ranged from 8.3 to 148 μg m⁻³, with an annual average of 40.2 ± 26.3 μg m⁻³ (from September 2019 to December 2020). Our results obtained by applying the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source-receptor apportionment model showed the contribution of nine PM₂.₅ sources. The main anthropogenic sources contributing to the PM mass concentrations were heavy fuel oil (HFO) combustion (25.3 %), biomass burning (20 %), primary traffic (7.6 %) and long-range transport aerosols (10.6 %). The OP activities were evaluated for the first time in an urban site in Vietnam. The average OPᵥ levels obtained in our study were 3.9 ± 2.4 and 4.5 ± 3.2 nmol min⁻¹ m⁻³ for OPᴰᵀᵀ and OPᴬᴬ, respectively. We assessed the contribution to OPᴰᵀᵀ and OPᴬᴬ of each PM₂.₅ source by applying multilinear regression models. It shows that the sources associated with human activities (HFO combustion, biomass burning and primary traffic) are the sources driving OP exposure, suggesting that they should be the first sources to be controlled in future mitigation strategies. This study gives for the first time an extensive and long-term chemical characterization of PM₂.₅, providing also a link between emission sources, ambient concentrations and exposure to air pollution at an urban site in Hanoi, Vietnam. A comprehensive chemical characterization of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was conducted at an urban site in one of the most densely populated cities of Vietnam, Hanoi. Chemical analysis of a series of 57 daily PM2.5 samples obtained in 2019–2020 included the quantification of a detailed set of chemical tracers as well as the oxidative potential (OP), which estimates the ability of PM to catalyze reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vivo as an initial step of health effects due to oxidative stress. The PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 8.3 to 148 μg m−3, with an annual average of 40.2 ± 26.3 μg m−3 (from September 2019 to December 2020). Our results obtained by applying the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source-receptor apportionment model showed the contribution of nine PM2.5 sources. The main anthropogenic sources contributing to the PM mass concentrations were heavy fuel oil (HFO) combustion (25.3 %), biomass burning (20 %), primary traffic (7.6 %) and long-range transport aerosols (10.6 %). The OP activities were evaluated for the first time in an urban site in Vietnam. The average OPv levels obtained in our study were 3.9 ± 2.4 and 4.5 ± 3.2 nmol min−1 m−3 for OPDTT and OPAA, respectively. We assessed the contribution to OPDTT and OPAA of each PM2.5 source by applying multilinear regression models. It shows that the sources associated with human activities (HFO combustion, biomass burning and primary traffic) are the sources driving OP exposure, suggesting that they should be the first sources to be controlled in future mitigation strategies. This study gives for the first time an extensive and long-term chemical characterization of PM2.5, providing also a link between emission sources, ambient concentrations and exposure to air pollution at an urban site in Hanoi, Vietnam. [Display omitted] •PM2.5 levels are 2 times higher than the national threshold and surpass the daily WHO guidelines.•The PMF model disentangled nine sources contributing to the total PM2.5 mass at the sampling site.•Anthropogenic sources strongly impact the PM2.5 and the oxidative potential in Hanoi.•Traffic, biomass burning, and heavy oil fuel are the sources ruling the oxidative potential of PM2.5.•The largest exposure benefits may be achieved via reductions in fossil fuel combustion emissions. A comprehensive chemical characterization of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was conducted at an urban site in one of the most densely populated cities of Vietnam, Hanoi. Chemical analysis of a series of 57 daily PM2.5 samples obtained in 2019-2020 included the quantification of a detailed set of chemical tracers as well as the oxidative potential (OP), which estimates the ability of PM to catalyze reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vivo as an initial step of health effects due to oxidative stress. The PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 8.3 to 148 μg m−3 , with an annual average of 40.2 ± 26.3 μg m−3 (from September 2019 to December 2020). Our results obtained by applying the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source-receptor apportionment model showed the contribution of nine PM2.5 sources. The main anthropogenic sources contributing to the PM mass concentrations were heavy fuel oil (HFO) combustion (25.3 %), biomass burning (20 %), primary traffic (7.6 %) and long-range transport aerosols (10.6 %). The OP activities were evaluated for the first time in an urban site in Vietnam. The average OP v levels obtained in our study were 3.9 ± 2.4 and 4.5 ± 3.2 nmol min -1 m−3 for OP DTT. A comprehensive chemical characterization of fine particulate matter (PM ) was conducted at an urban site in one of the most densely populated cities of Vietnam, Hanoi. Chemical analysis of a series of 57 daily PM samples obtained in 2019-2020 included the quantification of a detailed set of chemical tracers as well as the oxidative potential (OP), which estimates the ability of PM to catalyze reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vivo as an initial step of health effects due to oxidative stress. The PM concentrations ranged from 8.3 to 148 μg m , with an annual average of 40.2 ± 26.3 μg m (from September 2019 to December 2020). Our results obtained by applying the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source-receptor apportionment model showed the contribution of nine PM sources. The main anthropogenic sources contributing to the PM mass concentrations were heavy fuel oil (HFO) combustion (25.3 %), biomass burning (20 %), primary traffic (7.6 %) and long-range transport aerosols (10.6 %). The OP activities were evaluated for the first time in an urban site in Vietnam. The average OP levels obtained in our study were 3.9 ± 2.4 and 4.5 ± 3.2 nmol min m for OP and OP , respectively. We assessed the contribution to OP and OP of each PM source by applying multilinear regression models. It shows that the sources associated with human activities (HFO combustion, biomass burning and primary traffic) are the sources driving OP exposure, suggesting that they should be the first sources to be controlled in future mitigation strategies. This study gives for the first time an extensive and long-term chemical characterization of PM providing also a link between emission sources, ambient concentrations and exposure to air pollution at an urban site in Hanoi, Vietnam. A comprehensive chemical characterization of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was conducted at an urban site in one of the most densely populated cities of Vietnam, Hanoi. Chemical analysis of a series of 57 daily PM2.5 samples obtained in 2019-2020 included the quantification of a detailed set of chemical tracers as well as the oxidative potential (OP), which estimates the ability of PM to catalyze reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vivo as an initial step of health effects due to oxidative stress. The PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 8.3 to 148 μg m-3, with an annual average of 40.2 ± 26.3 μg m-3 (from September 2019 to December 2020). Our results obtained by applying the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source-receptor apportionment model showed the contribution of nine PM2.5 sources. The main anthropogenic sources contributing to the PM mass concentrations were heavy fuel oil (HFO) combustion (25.3 %), biomass burning (20 %), primary traffic (7.6 %) and long-range transport aerosols (10.6 %). The OP activities were evaluated for the first time in an urban site in Vietnam. The average OPv levels obtained in our study were 3.9 ± 2.4 and 4.5 ± 3.2 nmol min-1 m-3 for OPDTT and OPAA, respectively. We assessed the contribution to OPDTT and OPAA of each PM2.5 source by applying multilinear regression models. It shows that the sources associated with human activities (HFO combustion, biomass burning and primary traffic) are the sources driving OP exposure, suggesting that they should be the first sources to be controlled in future mitigation strategies. This study gives for the first time an extensive and long-term chemical characterization of PM2.5, providing also a link between emission sources, ambient concentrations and exposure to air pollution at an urban site in Hanoi, Vietnam.A comprehensive chemical characterization of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was conducted at an urban site in one of the most densely populated cities of Vietnam, Hanoi. Chemical analysis of a series of 57 daily PM2.5 samples obtained in 2019-2020 included the quantification of a detailed set of chemical tracers as well as the oxidative potential (OP), which estimates the ability of PM to catalyze reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vivo as an initial step of health effects due to oxidative stress. The PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 8.3 to 148 μg m-3, with an annual average of 40.2 ± 26.3 μg m-3 (from September 2019 to December 2020). Our results obtained by applying the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source-receptor apportionment model showed the contribution of nine PM2.5 sources. The main anthropogenic sources contributing to the PM mass concentrations were heavy fuel oil (HFO) combustion (25.3 %), biomass burning (20 %), primary traffic (7.6 %) and long-range transport aerosols (10.6 %). The OP activities were evaluated for the first time in an urban site in Vietnam. The average OPv levels obtained in our study were 3.9 ± 2.4 and 4.5 ± 3.2 nmol min-1 m-3 for OPDTT and OPAA, respectively. We assessed the contribution to OPDTT and OPAA of each PM2.5 source by applying multilinear regression models. It shows that the sources associated with human activities (HFO combustion, biomass burning and primary traffic) are the sources driving OP exposure, suggesting that they should be the first sources to be controlled in future mitigation strategies. This study gives for the first time an extensive and long-term chemical characterization of PM2.5, providing also a link between emission sources, ambient concentrations and exposure to air pollution at an urban site in Hanoi, Vietnam. |
| ArticleNumber | 171466 |
| Author | Ginot, Patrick Uzu, Gaëlle Dominutti, Pamela A. Darfeuil, Sophie Vu, Cam Tu Guigue, Catherine Dinh, Vy Thuy Ngoc Voiron, Céline Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc Mhadhbi, Takoua Mari, Xavier Chifflet, Sandrine Elazzouzi, Rhabira Martinot, Pauline Guyomarc'h, Lea |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38447718$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://hal.science/hal-04704140$$DView record in HAL |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apr_2025_102638 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_174630 crossref_primary_10_1007_s44273_025_00060_5 crossref_primary_10_1080_03067319_2025_2532592 crossref_primary_10_3390_su17146557 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atmosenv_2025_121236 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10311_025_01882_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s12665_024_12077_0 |
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| Keywords | Vietnam OP apportionment Oxidative potential Source apportionment PM2.5 PM(2.5) |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article under the CC BY license. Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V. Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by |
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| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2024-05-01 |
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| PublicationTitle | The Science of the total environment |
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| PublicationYear | 2024 |
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| SubjectTerms | air pollution biomass chemical analysis combustion environment Environmental Sciences fuel oils humans OP apportionment Oxidative potential oxidative stress particulates PM2.5 reactive oxygen species Source apportionment traffic Vietnam |
| Title | Disentangling fine particles (PM2.5) composition in Hanoi, Vietnam: Emission sources and oxidative potential |
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