Plant cell wall‐mediated immunity: cell wall changes trigger disease resistance responses

Summary Plants have evolved a repertoire of monitoring systems to sense plant morphogenesis and to face environmental changes and threats caused by different attackers. These systems integrate different signals into overreaching triggering pathways which coordinate developmental and defence‐associat...

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Vydáno v:	The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology Ročník 93; číslo 4; s. 614 - 636
Hlavní autoři:	Bacete, Laura, Mélida, Hugo, Miedes, Eva, Molina, Antonio
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.2018
Témata:	Arabidopsis Biosensors Biosynthesis breeding cell wall Cell Wall - immunology Cell Wall - metabolism Cell Wall - microbiology cell wall integrity cell wall mutant Cell walls Cellulose - biosynthesis Colonization Crop diseases cultivars Damage patterns DAMP Disease resistance Disease Resistance - physiology Environmental changes Glucans - metabolism Hazards Host-Pathogen Interactions immune response Immunity Integrity ligands Moisture content monitoring Monitoring systems Morphogenesis mutants Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules - immunology Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules - metabolism pathogens Pattern recognition Pattern recognition receptors Pectins - metabolism Peptides Pests Plant breeding Plant Cells - immunology Plant Cells - metabolism Plant Cells - microbiology Plant diseases Plant Diseases - immunology Plant Immunity - physiology Plant monitoring Plant pathology Plant resistance Plant stress Plants Polysaccharides Polysaccharides - metabolism Proteins PRR Receptors Receptors, Pattern Recognition - immunology Sensors Signal transduction Signaling wall sensor PRR disease resistance Arabidopsis cell wall mutant wall sensor cell wall integrity immunity cell wall DAMP
ISSN:	0960-7412, 1365-313X, 1365-313X
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Shrnutí:	Summary Plants have evolved a repertoire of monitoring systems to sense plant morphogenesis and to face environmental changes and threats caused by different attackers. These systems integrate different signals into overreaching triggering pathways which coordinate developmental and defence‐associated responses. The plant cell wall, a dynamic and complex structure surrounding every plant cell, has emerged recently as an essential component of plant monitoring systems, thus expanding its function as a passive defensive barrier. Plants have a dedicated mechanism for maintaining cell wall integrity (CWI) which comprises a diverse set of plasma membrane‐resident sensors and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The PRRs perceive plant‐derived ligands, such as peptides or wall glycans, known as damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs function as ‘danger’ alert signals activating DAMP‐triggered immunity (DTI), which shares signalling components and responses with the immune pathways triggered by non‐self microbe‐associated molecular patterns that mediate disease resistance. Alteration of CWI by impairment of the expression or activity of proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis and/or remodelling, as occurs in some plant cell wall mutants, or by wall damage due to colonization by pathogens/pests, activates specific defensive and growth responses. Our current understanding of how these alterations of CWI are perceived by the wall monitoring systems is scarce and few plant sensors/PRRs and DAMPs have been characterized. The identification of these CWI sensors and PRR–DAMP pairs will help us to understand the immune functions of the wall monitoring system, and might allow the breeding of crop varieties and the design of agricultural strategies that would enhance crop disease resistance. Significance Statement The plant cell wall has emerged as an essential component of plant stress‐monitoring systems, thus expanding its function as a passive defensive barrier. Here we review current knowledge about the systems that monitor plant cell wall integrity and their functions in triggering specific disease resistance and growth responses.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	0960-7412 1365-313X 1365-313X
DOI:	10.1111/tpj.13807