Trained immunity: General and emerging concepts

Summary Over the past decade, compelling evidence has unveiled previously overlooked adaptive characteristics of innate immune cells. Beyond their traditional role in providing short, non‐specific protection against pathogens, innate immune cells can acquire antigen‐agnostic memory, exhibiting incre...

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Published in:Immunological reviews Vol. 323; no. 1; pp. 164 - 185
Main Authors: Vuscan, Patricia, Kischkel, Brenda, Joosten, Leo A. B., Netea, Mihai G.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.05.2024
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity
Animals
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetics
Humans
Immune system
Immunity
Immunity, Innate
Immunologic Memory
Immunological memory
inflammation
innate immune memory
Paralysis
Pathogenesis
Therapeutic targets
therapeutics
Trained Immunity
vaccines
inflammation
vaccines
epigenetics
innate immune memory
ISSN:0105-2896, 1600-065X, 1600-065X
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Summary Over the past decade, compelling evidence has unveiled previously overlooked adaptive characteristics of innate immune cells. Beyond their traditional role in providing short, non‐specific protection against pathogens, innate immune cells can acquire antigen‐agnostic memory, exhibiting increased responsiveness to secondary stimulation. This long‐term de‐facto innate immune memory, also termed trained immunity, is mediated through extensive metabolic rewiring and epigenetic modifications. While the upregulation of trained immunity proves advantageous in countering immune paralysis, its overactivation contributes to the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In this review, we present the latest advancements in the field of innate immune memory followed by a description of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning trained immunity generation and different cell types that mediate it. Furthermore, we explore its implications for various diseases and examine current limitations and its potential therapeutic targeting in immune‐related disorders.
Bibliography:This article is part of a series of reviews covering Innate Memory (NK cells, macrophages) appearing in Volume 323 of
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Immunological Reviews
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ISSN:0105-2896
1600-065X
1600-065X
DOI:10.1111/imr.13326