The impact of anxiety upon cognition: perspectives from human threat of shock studies

Anxiety disorders constitute a sizeable worldwide health burden with profound social and economic consequences. The symptoms are wide-ranging; from hyperarousal to difficulties with concentrating. This latter effect falls under the broad category of altered cognitive performance which is the focus o...

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Vydáno v:Frontiers in human neuroscience Ročník 7; s. 203
Hlavní autoři: Robinson, Oliver J., Vytal, Katherine, Cornwell, Brian R., Grillon, Christian
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 2013
Frontiers Media S.A
Témata:
Animal cognition
Anxiety
Anxiety Disorders
Attention
Cognition
Cognitive ability
Cold shock
Executive Function
Memory
Neuroscience
Neurosciences
Perception
Sensory perception
Shock
Short term memory
Stress
Threats
anxiety
cognition
learning and memory
attention
anxiety disorders
executive function
perception
threat of shock
ISSN:1662-5161, 1662-5161
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Shrnutí:Anxiety disorders constitute a sizeable worldwide health burden with profound social and economic consequences. The symptoms are wide-ranging; from hyperarousal to difficulties with concentrating. This latter effect falls under the broad category of altered cognitive performance which is the focus of this review. Specifically, we examine the interaction between anxiety and cognition focusing on the translational threat of unpredictable shock paradigm; a method previously used to characterize emotional responses and defensive mechanisms that is now emerging as valuable tool for examining the interaction between anxiety and cognition. In particular, we compare the impact of threat of shock on cognition in humans to that of pathological anxiety disorders. We highlight that both threat of shock and anxiety disorders promote mechanisms associated with harm avoidance across multiple levels of cognition (from perception to attention to learning and executive function)-a "hot" cognitive function which can be both adaptive and maladaptive depending upon the circumstances. This mechanism comes at a cost to other functions such as working memory, but leaves some functions, such as planning, unperturbed. We also highlight a number of cognitive effects that differ across anxiety disorders and threat of shock. These discrepant effects are largely seen in "cold" cognitive functions involving control mechanisms and may reveal boundaries between adaptive (e.g., response to threat) and maladaptive (e.g., pathological) anxiety. We conclude by raising a number of unresolved questions regarding the role of anxiety in cognition that may provide fruitful avenues for future research.
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Edited by: Luiz Pessoa, University of Maryland, USA
Reviewed by: Martin P. Paulus, University of California San Diego, USA; Alexander J. Shackman, University of Maryland, USA
ISSN:1662-5161
1662-5161
DOI:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00203