A spin-refrigerated cavity quantum electrodynamic sensor

Quantum sensors based on solid-state defects, in particular nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, enable precise measurement of magnetic fields, temperature, rotation, and electric fields. Cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) readout, in which an NV ensemble is hybridized with a microwave mode,...

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Vydáno v:Nature communications Ročník 15; číslo 1; s. 10320 - 8
Hlavní autoři: Wang, Hanfeng, Tiwari, Kunal L., Jacobs, Kurt, Judy, Michael, Zhang, Xin, Englund, Dirk R., Trusheim, Matthew E.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: London Nature Publishing Group UK 28.11.2024
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Témata:
639/166/987
639/766/1130/2798
639/766/483/1255
Background noise
Broadband
Cavity resonators
Electric fields
Heat sinks
Humanities and Social Sciences
Magnetic fields
Magnetometers
multidisciplinary
Noise sensitivity
Quantum sensors
Refrigeration
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sensors
Thermal noise
ISSN:2041-1723, 2041-1723
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Popis
Shrnutí:Quantum sensors based on solid-state defects, in particular nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, enable precise measurement of magnetic fields, temperature, rotation, and electric fields. Cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) readout, in which an NV ensemble is hybridized with a microwave mode, can overcome limitations in optical spin detection and has resulted in leading magnetic sensitivities at the pT-level. This approach, however, remains far from the intrinsic spin-projection noise limit due to thermal Johnson-Nyquist noise and spin saturation effects. Here we tackle these challenges by combining recently demonstrated spin refrigeration techniques with comprehensive nonlinear modeling of the cQED sensor operation. We demonstrate that the optically-polarized NV ensemble simultaneously provides magnetic sensitivity and acts as a heat sink for the deleterious thermal microwave noise background, even when actively probed by a microwave field. Optimizing the NV-cQED system, we demonstrate a broadband sensitivity of 576 ± 6 fT/ Hz around 15 kHz in ambient conditions. We then discuss the implications of this approach for the design of future magnetometers, including near-projection-limited devices approaching 3 fT/ Hz sensitivity enabled by spin refrigeration. Coupling to a cavity enhances the readout fidelity of NV center-based quantum sensors, though thermal noise remains a challenge. Here the authors use spin refrigeration and a nonlinear model to demonstrate a highly sensitive quantum magnetometer with NV centers strongly coupled to a microwave resonator.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
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ISSN:2041-1723
2041-1723
DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-54333-8