A Formal Energy Consumption Analysis to Secure Cluster-Based WSN: A Case Study of Multi-Hop Clustering Algorithm Based on Spectral Classification Using Lightweight Blockchain

Wireless Sensors Networks are integrating human daily life at a fast rate. Applications cover a wide range of fields, including home security, agriculture, climate change, fire prevention, and so on and so forth. If WSN were initially flat networks, hierarchical, or cluster-based networks have been...

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Vydané v:	Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Ročník 22; číslo 20; s. 7730
Hlavní autori:	Ebobissé Djéné, Yves Frédéric, El Idrissi, Mohammed Sbai, Tardif, Pierre-Martin, Jorio, Ali, El Bhiri, Brahim, Fakhri, Youssef
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Basel MDPI AG 01.10.2022 MDPI
Predmet:	Algorithms Analysis Blockchain Case studies Classification Climatic changes Clustering Cryptography energy Energy consumption Energy efficiency Energy management systems Energy use Fire prevention security Security management wireless sensors network
ISSN:	1424-8220, 1424-8220
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Abstract	Wireless Sensors Networks are integrating human daily life at a fast rate. Applications cover a wide range of fields, including home security, agriculture, climate change, fire prevention, and so on and so forth. If WSN were initially flat networks, hierarchical, or cluster-based networks have been introduced in order to achieve a better performance in terms of energy efficiency, topology management, delay minimization, load balancing, routing techniques, etc. As cluster-based algorithms proved to be efficient in terms of energy balancing, security has been of less importance in the field. Data shared by nodes in a WSN can be very sensitive depending on the field of application. Therefore, it is important to ensure security at various levels of WSN. This paper proposes a formal modeling of the energy consumed to secure communications in a cluster-based WSN in general. The concept is implemented using the Proof of Authentication (POAh) paradigm of blockchain and applied to a Multi-hop Clustering Algorithm based on spectral classification. The studied metrics are residual energy in the network, the number of alive nodes, first and last dead node.
AbstractList	Wireless Sensors Networks are integrating human daily life at a fast rate. Applications cover a wide range of fields, including home security, agriculture, climate change, fire prevention, and so on and so forth. If WSN were initially flat networks, hierarchical, or cluster-based networks have been introduced in order to achieve a better performance in terms of energy efficiency, topology management, delay minimization, load balancing, routing techniques, etc. As cluster-based algorithms proved to be efficient in terms of energy balancing, security has been of less importance in the field. Data shared by nodes in a WSN can be very sensitive depending on the field of application. Therefore, it is important to ensure security at various levels of WSN. This paper proposes a formal modeling of the energy consumed to secure communications in a cluster-based WSN in general. The concept is implemented using the Proof of Authentication (POAh) paradigm of blockchain and applied to a Multi-hop Clustering Algorithm based on spectral classification. The studied metrics are residual energy in the network, the number of alive nodes, first and last dead node. Wireless Sensors Networks are integrating human daily life at a fast rate. Applications cover a wide range of fields, including home security, agriculture, climate change, fire prevention, and so on and so forth. If WSN were initially flat networks, hierarchical, or cluster-based networks have been introduced in order to achieve a better performance in terms of energy efficiency, topology management, delay minimization, load balancing, routing techniques, etc. As cluster-based algorithms proved to be efficient in terms of energy balancing, security has been of less importance in the field. Data shared by nodes in a WSN can be very sensitive depending on the field of application. Therefore, it is important to ensure security at various levels of WSN. This paper proposes a formal modeling of the energy consumed to secure communications in a cluster-based WSN in general. The concept is implemented using the Proof of Authentication (POAh) paradigm of blockchain and applied to a Multi-hop Clustering Algorithm based on spectral classification. The studied metrics are residual energy in the network, the number of alive nodes, first and last dead node.Wireless Sensors Networks are integrating human daily life at a fast rate. Applications cover a wide range of fields, including home security, agriculture, climate change, fire prevention, and so on and so forth. If WSN were initially flat networks, hierarchical, or cluster-based networks have been introduced in order to achieve a better performance in terms of energy efficiency, topology management, delay minimization, load balancing, routing techniques, etc. As cluster-based algorithms proved to be efficient in terms of energy balancing, security has been of less importance in the field. Data shared by nodes in a WSN can be very sensitive depending on the field of application. Therefore, it is important to ensure security at various levels of WSN. This paper proposes a formal modeling of the energy consumed to secure communications in a cluster-based WSN in general. The concept is implemented using the Proof of Authentication (POAh) paradigm of blockchain and applied to a Multi-hop Clustering Algorithm based on spectral classification. The studied metrics are residual energy in the network, the number of alive nodes, first and last dead node.
Audience	Academic
Author	El Bhiri, Brahim Ebobissé Djéné, Yves Frédéric Jorio, Ali El Idrissi, Mohammed Sbai Tardif, Pierre-Martin Fakhri, Youssef
AuthorAffiliation	2 SMARTiLab/EMSI, 49 Patrice Lumumba, Hassan, Rabat 10000, Morocco 4 GRIC, Management School, Sherbrooke University, 2500 Bd de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada 3 Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, Sherbrooke University, 2500 Bd de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada 1 LRI, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Analysis Blockchain Case studies Classification Climatic changes Clustering Cryptography energy Energy consumption Energy efficiency Energy management systems Energy use Fire prevention security Security management wireless sensors network
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Title	A Formal Energy Consumption Analysis to Secure Cluster-Based WSN: A Case Study of Multi-Hop Clustering Algorithm Based on Spectral Classification Using Lightweight Blockchain
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