Prenatal Environmental Metal Exposure and Preterm Birth: A Scoping Review

Preterm birth (PTB) and its complications are the leading causes of under-five year old child deaths, accounting worldwide for an estimated one million deaths annually. The etiology of PTB is complex and multifactorial. Exposures to environmental metals or metalloids are pervasive and prenatal expos...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of environmental research and public health Jg. 18; H. 2; S. 573
Hauptverfasser: Khanam, Rasheda, Kumar, Ishaan, Oladapo-Shittu, Opeyemi, Twose, Claire, Islam, ASMD Ashraful, Biswal, Shyam S., Raqib, Rubhana, Baqui, Abdullah H.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Switzerland MDPI AG 12.01.2021
MDPI
Schlagworte:
Cadmium
Cadmium - toxicity
Child
Child, Preschool
Environmental Exposure - adverse effects
Female
Full text
Heavy metals
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Information professionals
Lead content
Mercury
Metals, Heavy - toxicity
Obstetrics
Pregnancy
Premature birth
Premature Birth - chemically induced
Premature Birth - epidemiology
Premature labor
Prenatal exposure
Review
preterm birth
prenatal exposure
mercury
cadmium
arsenic
lead
scoping review
ISSN:1660-4601, 1661-7827, 1660-4601
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:Preterm birth (PTB) and its complications are the leading causes of under-five year old child deaths, accounting worldwide for an estimated one million deaths annually. The etiology of PTB is complex and multifactorial. Exposures to environmental metals or metalloids are pervasive and prenatal exposures to them are considered important in the etiology of PTB. We conducted a scoping review to determine the extent of prenatal exposures to four metals/metalloids (lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic) and their association with PTB. We reviewed original research studies published in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, POPLINE and the WHO regional indexes from 2000 to 2019; 36 articles were retained for full text review. We documented a higher incidence of PTB with lead and cadmium exposures. The findings for mercury and arsenic exposures were inconclusive. Metal-induced oxidative stress in the placenta, epigenetic modification, inflammation, and endocrine disruptions are the most common pathways through which heavy metals and metalloids affect placental functions leading to PTB. Most of the studies were from the high-income countries, reflecting the need for additional data from low-middle-income countries, where PTB rates are higher and prenatal exposure to metals are likely to be just as high, if not higher.
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ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph18020573