Size Effects of Microplastics on Embryos and Observation of Toxicity Kinetics in Larvae of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Microplastics have caused great concern in recent years. However, few studies have compared the toxicity of different sizes of microplastics in fishes, especially commercial fishes, which are more related to human health. In the present study, we revealed the effects of varying sizes of microplastic...

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Veröffentlicht in:Toxics (Basel) Jg. 10; H. 2; S. 76
Hauptverfasser: Zhang, Chaonan, Zuo, Zhiheng, Wang, Qiujie, Wang, Shaodan, Lv, Liqun, Zou, Jixing
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Switzerland MDPI AG 07.02.2022
MDPI
Schlagworte:
accumulation
Carp
Chorion
Ctenopharyngodon idella
Developmental stages
Eggs
Embryos
Fish
Flocculants
Fluorescence
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
grass carp
Grooves
Herbivorous fish
Kinetics
Larvae
microplastic
Microplastics
Nose
Oral cavity
Particle size
Plastic pollution
Pollutants
re-consumption
Scanning electron microscopy
size
Size effects
Toxicity
United States > US
China
Germany
re-consumption
microplastic
size
accumulation
grass carp
ISSN:2305-6304, 2305-6304
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:Microplastics have caused great concern in recent years. However, few studies have compared the toxicity of different sizes of microplastics in fishes, especially commercial fishes, which are more related to human health. In the present study, we revealed the effects of varying sizes of microplastics on grass carp embryos and larvae using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence imaging. Embryos were exposed to 80 nm and 8 μm microplastics at concentrations of 5, 15, and 45 mg/L. Toxicity kinetics of various sizes of fluorescent microplastics were analyzed through microscopic observation in the larvae. Results found that nanoplastics could not penetrate the embryo’s chorionic membrane, instead they conglutinated or aggregated on the chorion. Our results are the first to explore the defense mechanisms of commercial fish embryos against microplastics. Larvae were prone to ingesting their own excrement, resulting in microplastic flocculants winding around their mouth. For the first time, it was found that excreted microplastics could be reconsumed by fish and reaccumulated in the oral cavity. Microplastics of a certain size (1 μm) could be accumulated in the nasal cavity. We speculate that the presence of a special groove structure in the nasal cavity of grass carp larvae may manage to seize the microplastics with a particular size. As far as we know, this is the first report of microplastics being found in the nasal passages of fish. Fluorescence images clearly recorded the toxicity kinetics of microplastics in herbivorous fish.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
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These authors contributed equally to this article.
ISSN:2305-6304
2305-6304
DOI:10.3390/toxics10020076