Vitamin D Sources, Metabolism, and Deficiency: Available Compounds and Guidelines for Its Treatment

Studies on vitamin/hormone D deficiency have received a vast amount of attention in recent years, particularly concerning recommendations, guidelines, and treatments. Moreover, vitamin D’s role as a hormone has been confirmed in various enzymatic, metabolic, physiological, and pathophysiological pro...

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Vydáno v:Metabolites Ročník 11; číslo 4; s. 255
Hlavní autoři: Dominguez, Ligia J., Farruggia, Mario, Veronese, Nicola, Barbagallo, Mario
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland MDPI AG 20.04.2021
MDPI
Témata:
bone
calcifediol
calcitriol
cholecalciferol
Dietary supplements
Food fortification
Food sources
fracture
Fractures
Metabolism
Metabolites
Muscles
Older people
Review
Skin
Sun
Sunburn & sun tanning
Ultraviolet radiation
Vitamin D
Vitamin deficiency
Winter
calcitriol
calcifediol
vitamin D
cholecalciferol
bone
osteoporosis
fracture
ISSN:2218-1989, 2218-1989
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Shrnutí:Studies on vitamin/hormone D deficiency have received a vast amount of attention in recent years, particularly concerning recommendations, guidelines, and treatments. Moreover, vitamin D’s role as a hormone has been confirmed in various enzymatic, metabolic, physiological, and pathophysiological processes related to many organs and systems in the human body. This growing interest is mostly due to the evidence that modest-to-severe vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent around the world. There is broad agreement that optimal vitamin D status is necessary for bones, muscles, and one’s general health, as well as for the efficacy of antiresorptive and anabolic bone-forming treatments. Food supplementation with vitamin D, or the use of vitamin D supplements, are current strategies to improve vitamin D levels and treat deficiency. This article reviews consolidated and emerging concepts about vitamin D/hormone D metabolism, food sources, deficiency, as well as the different vitamin D supplements available, and current recommendations on the proper use of these compounds.
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ISSN:2218-1989
2218-1989
DOI:10.3390/metabo11040255