Peripheral Artery Disease: Past, Present, and Future

Peripheral artery disease is a prevalent but underdiagnosed manifestation of atherosclerosis. There is insufficient awareness of its clinical manifestations, including intermittent claudication and critical limb ischemia and of its risk of adverse cardiovascular and limb outcomes. In addition, our i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of medicine Vol. 132; no. 10; p. 1133
Main Authors: Campia, Umberto, Gerhard-Herman, Marie, Piazza, Gregory, Goldhaber, Samuel Z
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.10.2019
Subjects:
Exercise
Humans
Peripheral Arterial Disease - diagnosis
Peripheral Arterial Disease - epidemiology
Peripheral Arterial Disease - pathology
Peripheral Arterial Disease - physiopathology
Quality of Life
Risk Factors
Peripheral artery disease
Critical limb ischemia
Cardiovascular risk
Intermittent claudication
ISSN:1555-7162, 1555-7162
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Peripheral artery disease is a prevalent but underdiagnosed manifestation of atherosclerosis. There is insufficient awareness of its clinical manifestations, including intermittent claudication and critical limb ischemia and of its risk of adverse cardiovascular and limb outcomes. In addition, our inadequate knowledge of its pathophysiology has also limited the development of effective treatments, particularly in the presence of critical limb ischemia. This review aims to highlight essential elements of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of peripheral artery disease, bring attention to the often-atypical manifestations of occlusive arterial disease of the lower extremity, increase awareness of critical limb ischemia, briefly describe the diagnostic role of the ankle brachial index, and go over the contemporary management of peripheral artery disease. An emphasis is placed on evidence-based medical treatments to improve symptoms and quality of life and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and limb events in these patients, including supervised exercise training, smoking cessation, antagonism of the renin-angiotensin system, lipid-lowering, antiplatelet, and antithrombotic therapies.
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ISSN:1555-7162
1555-7162
DOI:10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.04.043