Calcium Homeostasis, Transporters, and Blockers in Health and Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Calcium is a highly positively charged ionic species. It regulates all cell types’ functions and is an important second messenger that controls and triggers several mechanisms, including membrane stabilization, permeability, contraction, secretion, mitosis, intercellular communications, and in the a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 10; p. 8803
Main Authors: Bkaily, Ghassan, Jacques, Danielle
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 15.05.2023
MDPI
Subjects:
Calcium - metabolism
Calcium Channel Blockers - pharmacology
Calcium channels
Calcium Channels - metabolism
Cardiovascular Diseases - drug therapy
Cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular System - metabolism
Homeostasis
Humans
Kinases
Ligands
Mitochondria
Physiological aspects
Plasma
Proteins
Review
Second Messenger Systems
calcium
Cav3
calcium channel blockers
Cav2
Cav1
T-type calcium channel
mitochondria
nucleus
N-type calcium channel
calcium homeostasis
calcium pumps
P/Q-type calcium channel
hypercalcemia
GPCR
L-type calcium channel
calcium overload
sodium/calcium exchanger
R-type calcium channel
endoplasmic reticulum
G protein
ISSN:1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Calcium is a highly positively charged ionic species. It regulates all cell types’ functions and is an important second messenger that controls and triggers several mechanisms, including membrane stabilization, permeability, contraction, secretion, mitosis, intercellular communications, and in the activation of kinases and gene expression. Therefore, controlling calcium transport and its intracellular homeostasis in physiology leads to the healthy functioning of the biological system. However, abnormal extracellular and intracellular calcium homeostasis leads to cardiovascular, skeletal, immune, secretory diseases, and cancer. Therefore, the pharmacological control of calcium influx directly via calcium channels and exchangers and its outflow via calcium pumps and uptake by the ER/SR are crucial in treating calcium transport remodeling in pathology. Here, we mainly focused on selective calcium transporters and blockers in the cardiovascular system.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms24108803