Global statistics on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: 2017 status report

Aims This review provides an up‐to‐date curated source of information on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use and their associated mortality and burden of disease. Limitations in the data are also discussed, including how these can be addressed in the future. Methods Online data sources were identi...

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Vydané v:Addiction (Abingdon, England) Ročník 113; číslo 10; s. 1905 - 1926
Hlavní autori: Peacock, Amy, Leung, Janni, Larney, Sarah, Colledge, Samantha, Hickman, Matthew, Rehm, Jürgen, Giovino, Gary A., West, Robert, Hall, Wayne, Griffiths, Paul, Ali, Robert, Gowing, Linda, Marsden, John, Ferrari, Alize J., Grebely, Jason, Farrell, Michael, Degenhardt, Louisa
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2018
Predmet:
Age
Alcohol
Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology
Alcohol related crime
Alcohol use
Alcoholism
Alcoholism - epidemiology
amphetamine
Amphetamines
Cannabis
Cocaine
Costing
Crime
Data collection
Data quality
Deaths
Disability
Disease
Drug abuse
Drug addiction
Drug dependence
Drug use
Drugs
Epidemiology
Global Burden of Disease
Global Health
Humans
Low income groups
Marijuana
Mortality
Mortality rates
Narcotics
opioid
Opioids
People with disabilities
Prevalence
Public health
Regions
Smoking
Statistics
Substance abuse
substance dependence
Substance use
Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology
Tobacco
Tobacco smoking
Tobacco Smoking - epidemiology
Tobacco Use - epidemiology
United Nations
World Health Organization
epidemiology
prevalence
cocaine
opioid
amphetamine
cannabis
mortality
Alcohol
tobacco
substance dependence
ISSN:0965-2140, 1360-0443, 1360-0443
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Shrnutí:Aims This review provides an up‐to‐date curated source of information on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use and their associated mortality and burden of disease. Limitations in the data are also discussed, including how these can be addressed in the future. Methods Online data sources were identified through expert review. Data were obtained mainly from the World Health Organization, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Results In 2015, the estimated prevalence among the adult population was 18.4% for heavy episodic alcohol use (in the past 30 days); 15.2% for daily tobacco smoking; and 3.8, 0.77, 0.37 and 0.35% for past‐year cannabis, amphetamine, opioid and cocaine use, respectively. European regions had the highest prevalence of heavy episodic alcohol use and daily tobacco use. The age‐standardized prevalence of alcohol dependence was 843.2 per 100 000 people; for cannabis, opioids, amphetamines and cocaine dependence it was 259.3, 220.4, 86.0 and 52.5 per 100 000 people, respectively. High‐income North America region had among the highest rates of cannabis, opioid and cocaine dependence. Attributable disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) were highest for tobacco smoking (170.9 million DALYs), followed by alcohol (85.0 million) and illicit drugs (27.8 million). Substance‐attributable mortality rates were highest for tobacco smoking (110.7 deaths per 100 000 people), followed by alcohol and illicit drugs (33.0 and 6.9 deaths per 100 000 people, respectively). Attributable age‐standardized mortality rates and DALYs for alcohol and illicit drugs were highest in eastern Europe; attributable age‐standardized tobacco mortality rates and DALYs were highest in Oceania. Conclusions In 2015 alcohol use and tobacco smoking use between them cost the human population more than a quarter of a billion disability‐adjusted life years, with illicit drugs costing further tens of millions. Europeans suffered proportionately more, but in absolute terms the mortality rate was greatest in low‐ and middle‐income countries with large populations and where the quality of data was more limited. Better standardized and rigorous methods for data collection, collation and reporting are needed to assess more accurately the geographical and temporal trends in substance use and its disease burden.
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ISSN:0965-2140
1360-0443
1360-0443
DOI:10.1111/add.14234