Impacts of introducing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 daily growth rate and compliance in the United States

We evaluate the impacts of implementing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in US counties on the daily growth rate of COVID-19 cases and compliance, measured through the percentage of devices staying home, and evaluate whether introducing and lifting NPIs protecting selective populat...

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Vydané v:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Ročník 118; číslo 12
Hlavní autori: Singh, Surya, Shaikh, Mujaheed, Hauck, Katharina, Miraldo, Marisa
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States 23.03.2021
Predmet:
Communicable Disease Control - methods
Communicable Disease Control - statistics & numerical data
COVID-19 - economics
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 - transmission
Guideline Adherence - statistics & numerical data
Health Policy - economics
Health Policy - trends
Humans
Pandemics
Physical Distancing
SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification
Socioeconomic Factors
United States - epidemiology
United States
COVID-19
compliance
lockdown measures
nonpharmaceutical interventions
public policy
ISSN:1091-6490, 1091-6490
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Abstract We evaluate the impacts of implementing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in US counties on the daily growth rate of COVID-19 cases and compliance, measured through the percentage of devices staying home, and evaluate whether introducing and lifting NPIs protecting selective populations is an effective strategy. We use difference-in-differences methods, leveraging on daily county-level data and exploit the staggered introduction and lifting of policies across counties over time. We also assess heterogenous impacts due to counties' population characteristics, namely ethnicity and household income. Results show that introducing NPIs led to a reduction in cases through the percentage of devices staying home. When counties lifted NPIs, they benefited from reduced mobility outside of the home during the lockdown, but only for a short period. In the long term, counties experienced diminished health and mobility gains accrued from previously implemented policies. Notably, we find heterogenous impacts due to population characteristics implying that measures can mitigate the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 on marginalized populations and find that selectively targeting populations may not be effective.
AbstractList We evaluate the impacts of implementing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in US counties on the daily growth rate of COVID-19 cases and compliance, measured through the percentage of devices staying home, and evaluate whether introducing and lifting NPIs protecting selective populations is an effective strategy. We use difference-in-differences methods, leveraging on daily county-level data and exploit the staggered introduction and lifting of policies across counties over time. We also assess heterogenous impacts due to counties' population characteristics, namely ethnicity and household income. Results show that introducing NPIs led to a reduction in cases through the percentage of devices staying home. When counties lifted NPIs, they benefited from reduced mobility outside of the home during the lockdown, but only for a short period. In the long term, counties experienced diminished health and mobility gains accrued from previously implemented policies. Notably, we find heterogenous impacts due to population characteristics implying that measures can mitigate the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 on marginalized populations and find that selectively targeting populations may not be effective.
We evaluate the impacts of implementing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in US counties on the daily growth rate of COVID-19 cases and compliance, measured through the percentage of devices staying home, and evaluate whether introducing and lifting NPIs protecting selective populations is an effective strategy. We use difference-in-differences methods, leveraging on daily county-level data and exploit the staggered introduction and lifting of policies across counties over time. We also assess heterogenous impacts due to counties' population characteristics, namely ethnicity and household income. Results show that introducing NPIs led to a reduction in cases through the percentage of devices staying home. When counties lifted NPIs, they benefited from reduced mobility outside of the home during the lockdown, but only for a short period. In the long term, counties experienced diminished health and mobility gains accrued from previously implemented policies. Notably, we find heterogenous impacts due to population characteristics implying that measures can mitigate the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 on marginalized populations and find that selectively targeting populations may not be effective.We evaluate the impacts of implementing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in US counties on the daily growth rate of COVID-19 cases and compliance, measured through the percentage of devices staying home, and evaluate whether introducing and lifting NPIs protecting selective populations is an effective strategy. We use difference-in-differences methods, leveraging on daily county-level data and exploit the staggered introduction and lifting of policies across counties over time. We also assess heterogenous impacts due to counties' population characteristics, namely ethnicity and household income. Results show that introducing NPIs led to a reduction in cases through the percentage of devices staying home. When counties lifted NPIs, they benefited from reduced mobility outside of the home during the lockdown, but only for a short period. In the long term, counties experienced diminished health and mobility gains accrued from previously implemented policies. Notably, we find heterogenous impacts due to population characteristics implying that measures can mitigate the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 on marginalized populations and find that selectively targeting populations may not be effective.
Author Shaikh, Mujaheed
Miraldo, Marisa
Hauck, Katharina
Singh, Surya
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-3005-8073
  surname: Singh
  fullname: Singh, Surya
  organization: Health Economics Research Center, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
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  givenname: Mujaheed
  surname: Shaikh
  fullname: Shaikh, Mujaheed
  organization: Political Economy Cluster, Hertie School, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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  givenname: Katharina
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3138-4169
  surname: Hauck
  fullname: Hauck, Katharina
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  givenname: Marisa
  surname: Miraldo
  fullname: Miraldo, Marisa
  email: m.miraldo@imperial.ac.uk
  organization: Center for Health Economics and Policy Innovation, Business School, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Issue 12
Keywords COVID-19
compliance
lockdown measures
nonpharmaceutical interventions
public policy
Language English
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Snippet We evaluate the impacts of implementing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in US counties on the daily growth rate of COVID-19 cases and...
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SubjectTerms Communicable Disease Control - methods
Communicable Disease Control - statistics & numerical data
COVID-19 - economics
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 - transmission
Guideline Adherence - statistics & numerical data
Health Policy - economics
Health Policy - trends
Humans
Pandemics
Physical Distancing
SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification
Socioeconomic Factors
United States - epidemiology
Title Impacts of introducing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 daily growth rate and compliance in the United States
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