Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free Catalysts for Key Reactions Involved in Energy Conversion and Storage

Electrocatalysts are key for renewable energy technologies and other important industrial processes. Currently, noble metals and metal oxides are the most widely used catalysts for electrocatalysis. However, metal‐based catalysts often suffer from multiple disadvantages, including high cost, low sel...

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Vydané v:Advanced materials (Weinheim) Ročník 31; číslo 9; s. e1801526 - n/a
Hlavní autori: Zhao, Shenlong, Wang, Da‐Wei, Amal, Rose, Dai, Liming
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.03.2019
Predmet:
Carbon
Carbon dioxide
Catalysis
Catalysts
Crossovers
Electrocatalysis
Electrocatalysts
energy
Energy conversion
Energy storage
Energy technology
Environmental effects
Hydrogen evolution reactions
Materials science
metal‐free catalysts
Noble metals
Oxygen evolution reactions
Oxygen reduction reactions
Renewable energy
Renewable resources
Selectivity
metal-free catalysts
electrocatalysis
carbon
energy
ISSN:0935-9648, 1521-4095, 1521-4095
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Popis
Shrnutí:Electrocatalysts are key for renewable energy technologies and other important industrial processes. Currently, noble metals and metal oxides are the most widely used catalysts for electrocatalysis. However, metal‐based catalysts often suffer from multiple disadvantages, including high cost, low selectivity, poor durability, impurity poisoning and fuel crossover effects, and detrimental effects on the environment. Therefore, carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts have received increasing interest as promising electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion and storage. Recently, tremendous progress has been achieved in the development of low‐cost, efficient carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts for renewable energy technologies and beyond. Here, a concise, but comprehensive and critical, review of recent advances in the field of carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts is provided. A brief overview of various reactions involved in renewable energy conversion and storage, including the oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, and bifunctional/multifunctional electrocatalysis, along with some challenges and opportunities, is presented. The emerging carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts have been demonstrated to be promising alternatives to noble metal/metal oxide catalysts for various reactions, including the oxygen reduction reaction, the hydrogen evolution reaction, the oxygen evolution reaction, the carbon dioxide reduction reaction, and the nitrogen reduction reaction, and for bi/multifunctional electrocatalysis. A concise, but comprehensive and critical overview of this field, including preparation strategies, mechanisms, and applications, along with some challenges and perspectives, is presented.
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ISSN:0935-9648
1521-4095
1521-4095
DOI:10.1002/adma.201801526