Micronuclei and chromosome aberrations in subjects occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs: a multicentric approach

Objectives Recently published works showed that occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs (ANPD) is still frequent in hospital settings, despite significant safety policy improvements. The aim of this study was to assess the current level of occupational exposure to ANPD and any potentially asso...

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Vydáno v:International archives of occupational and environmental health Ročník 88; číslo 6; s. 683 - 695
Hlavní autoři: Moretti, Massimo, Grollino, Maria Giuseppa, Pavanello, Sofia, Bonfiglioli, Roberta, Villarini, Milena, Appolloni, Massimo, Carrieri, Mariella, Sabatini, Laura, Dominici, Luca, Stronati, Laura, Mastrangelo, Giuseppe, Barbieri, Anna, Fatigoni, Cristina, Bartolucci, Giovanni Battista, Ceretti, Elisabetta, Mussi, Francesca, Monarca, Silvano
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.08.2015
Springer Nature B.V
Témata:
Adult
Antineoplastic Agents - adverse effects
Antineoplastic Agents - urine
Antineoplastic drugs
Biological effects
Biomarkers - urine
Biomonitoring
Chromosome aberrations
Chromosome Aberrations - chemically induced
Cyclophosphamide - analysis
Detoxification
DNA Damage
Drugs
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Health
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Female
Health risks
Hospitals
Humans
Italy
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes - drug effects
Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective - chemically induced
Nurses
Nursing Staff, Hospital
Occupational exposure
Occupational Exposure - adverse effects
Occupational Exposure - analysis
Occupational hazards
Occupational health
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Oncology Nursing
Original Article
Rehabilitation
Safety
Italy
MED, Italy
Antineoplastic drugs
Genotoxic hazard
Micronuclei
and
Occupational exposure
polymorphisms
Chromosome aberrations
ISSN:0340-0131, 1432-1246, 1432-1246
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Shrnutí:Objectives Recently published works showed that occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs (ANPD) is still frequent in hospital settings, despite significant safety policy improvements. The aim of this study was to assess the current level of occupational exposure to ANPD and any potentially associated cytogenetic damages in hospital nurses routinely handling ANPD. Methods Occupationally ANPD-exposed ( n  = 71) and ANPD-unexposed ( n  = 77; control) nurses were recruited on a voluntary basis from five hospitals in Northern and Central Italy. Evaluation of surface contamination and dermal exposure to ANPD was assessed by determining cyclophosphamide (CP) on selected surfaces (wipes) and on exposed nurses’ clothes (pads). The concentration of unmetabolized CP—as a biomarker of internal dose—was measured in end-shift urine samples. Biomonitoring of genotoxic effects (i.e., biological effect monitoring) was conducted by analyzing micronuclei (MN) and chromosome aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Genetic polymorphisms for enzymes involved in metabolic detoxification (i.e., glutathione S -transferases) were analyzed as well. Results We observed a significant increase in MN frequency (5.30 ± 2.99 and 3.29 ± 1.97; mean values ± standard deviation; p  < 0.0001) in exposed nurses versus controls, as well as in CA detection (3.30 ± 2.05 and 1.84 ± 1.67; p  < 0.0001), exposed subjects versus controls. Our results provide evidence that, despite safety controlled conditions, ANPD handling still represents a considerable genotoxic risk for occupationally exposed personnel. Conclusions Because both MN and CA have been described as being predictive of group-increased cancer risk, our findings point to a need for improving specific safety procedures in handling and administering ANPD.
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ISSN:0340-0131
1432-1246
1432-1246
DOI:10.1007/s00420-014-0993-y