Skeletal infections: microbial pathogenesis, immunity and clinical management

Osteomyelitis remains one of the greatest risks in orthopaedic surgery. Although many organisms are linked to skeletal infections, Staphylococcus aureus remains the most prevalent and devastating causative pathogen. Important discoveries have uncovered novel mechanisms of S. aureus pathogenesis and...

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Published in:Nature reviews. Microbiology Vol. 20; no. 7; pp. 385 - 400
Main Authors: Masters, Elysia A., Ricciardi, Benjamin F., Bentley, Karen L. de Mesy, Moriarty, T. Fintan, Schwarz, Edward M., Muthukrishnan, Gowrishankar
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.07.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
631/250/255/1318
631/326/41/2531
631/326/41/2534
631/326/421
692/699/255/1318
Abscesses
Algorithms
Biofilms
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical materials
Bone implants
Bone surgery
Bones
Humans
Immune Evasion
Immunity
Infectious Diseases
Life Sciences
Medical Microbiology
Microbiology
Microorganisms
New technology
Orthopedics
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis - drug therapy
Osteomyelitis - microbiology
Parasitology
Pathogenesis
Pathogens
Review
Review Article
Skeletal system
Staphylococcal Infections - therapy
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus infections
Surgery
Virology
ISSN:1740-1526, 1740-1534, 1740-1534
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Abstract Osteomyelitis remains one of the greatest risks in orthopaedic surgery. Although many organisms are linked to skeletal infections, Staphylococcus aureus remains the most prevalent and devastating causative pathogen. Important discoveries have uncovered novel mechanisms of S. aureus pathogenesis and persistence within bone tissue, including implant-associated biofilms, abscesses and invasion of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network. However, little clinical progress has been made in the prevention and eradication of skeletal infection as treatment algorithms and outcomes have only incrementally changed over the past half century. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion in S. aureus infection of the skeletal system as well as features of other osteomyelitis-causing pathogens in implant-associated and native bone infections. We also describe how the host fails to eradicate bacterial bone infections, and how this new information may lead to the development of novel interventions. Finally, we discuss the clinical management of skeletal infection, including osteomyelitis classification and strategies to treat skeletal infections with emerging technologies that could translate to the clinic in the future. Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone that arises when a pathogen colonizes bone tissue owing to injury or surgery. In this Review, Masters and colleagues explore the microbial pathogenesis, immunity and clinical management of bone infections.
AbstractList Osteomyelitis remains one of the greatest risks in orthopaedic surgery. Although many organisms are linked to skeletal infections, Staphylococcus aureus remains the most prevalent and devastating causative pathogen. Important discoveries have uncovered novel mechanisms of S. aureus pathogenesis and persistence within bone tissue, including implant-associated biofilms, abscesses and invasion of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network. However, little clinical progress has been made in the prevention and eradication of skeletal infection as treatment algorithms and outcomes have only incrementally changed over the past half century. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion in S. aureus infection of the skeletal system as well as features of other osteomyelitis-causing pathogens in implant-associated and native bone infections. We also describe how the host fails to eradicate bacterial bone infections, and how this new information may lead to the development of novel interventions. Finally, we discuss the clinical management of skeletal infection, including osteomyelitis classification and strategies to treat skeletal infections with emerging technologies that could translate to the clinic in the future.
Osteomyelitis remains one of the greatest risks in orthopaedic surgery. Although many organisms are linked to skeletal infections, Staphylococcus aureus remains the most prevalent and devastating causative pathogen. Important discoveries have uncovered novel mechanisms of S. aureus pathogenesis and persistence within bone tissue, including implant-associated biofilms, abscesses and invasion of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network. However, little clinical progress has been made in the prevention and eradication of skeletal infection as treatment algorithms and outcomes have only incrementally changed over the past half century. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion in S. aureus infection of the skeletal system as well as features of other osteomyelitis-causing pathogens in implant-associated and native bone infections. We also describe how the host fails to eradicate bacterial bone infections, and how this new information may lead to the development of novel interventions. Finally, we discuss the clinical management of skeletal infection, including osteomyelitis classification and strategies to treat skeletal infections with emerging technologies that could translate to the clinic in the future.Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone that arises when a pathogen colonizes bone tissue owing to injury or surgery. In this Review, Masters and colleagues explore the microbial pathogenesis, immunity and clinical management of bone infections.
Osteomyelitis remains one of the greatest risks in orthopaedic surgery. Although many organisms are linked to skeletal infections, Staphylococcus aureus remains the most prevalent and devastating causative pathogen. Important discoveries have uncovered novel mechanisms of S. aureus pathogenesis and persistence within bone tissue, including implant-associated biofilms, abscesses and invasion of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network. However, little clinical progress has been made in the prevention and eradication of skeletal infection as treatment algorithms and outcomes have only incrementally changed over the past half century. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion in S. aureus infection of the skeletal system as well as features of other osteomyelitis-causing pathogens in implant-associated and native bone infections. We also describe how the host fails to eradicate bacterial bone infections, and how this new information may lead to the development of novel interventions. Finally, we discuss the clinical management of skeletal infection, including osteomyelitis classification and strategies to treat skeletal infections with emerging technologies that could translate to the clinic in the future.Osteomyelitis remains one of the greatest risks in orthopaedic surgery. Although many organisms are linked to skeletal infections, Staphylococcus aureus remains the most prevalent and devastating causative pathogen. Important discoveries have uncovered novel mechanisms of S. aureus pathogenesis and persistence within bone tissue, including implant-associated biofilms, abscesses and invasion of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network. However, little clinical progress has been made in the prevention and eradication of skeletal infection as treatment algorithms and outcomes have only incrementally changed over the past half century. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion in S. aureus infection of the skeletal system as well as features of other osteomyelitis-causing pathogens in implant-associated and native bone infections. We also describe how the host fails to eradicate bacterial bone infections, and how this new information may lead to the development of novel interventions. Finally, we discuss the clinical management of skeletal infection, including osteomyelitis classification and strategies to treat skeletal infections with emerging technologies that could translate to the clinic in the future.
Osteomyelitis remains one of the greatest risks in orthopaedic surgery. Although many organisms are linked to skeletal infections, Staphylococcus aureus remains the most prevalent and devastating causative pathogen. Important discoveries have uncovered novel mechanisms of S. aureus pathogenesis and persistence within bone tissue, including implant-associated biofilms, abscesses and invasion of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network. However, little clinical progress has been made in the prevention and eradication of skeletal infection as treatment algorithms and outcomes have only incrementally changed over the past half century. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion in S. aureus infection of the skeletal system as well as features of other osteomyelitis-causing pathogens in implant-associated and native bone infections. We also describe how the host fails to eradicate bacterial bone infections, and how this new information may lead to the development of novel interventions. Finally, we discuss the clinical management of skeletal infection, including osteomyelitis classification and strategies to treat skeletal infections with emerging technologies that could translate to the clinic in the future. Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone that arises when a pathogen colonizes bone tissue owing to injury or surgery. In this Review, Masters and colleagues explore the microbial pathogenesis, immunity and clinical management of bone infections.
Author Muthukrishnan, Gowrishankar
Ricciardi, Benjamin F.
Moriarty, T. Fintan
Bentley, Karen L. de Mesy
Schwarz, Edward M.
Masters, Elysia A.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Elysia A.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9981-624X
  surname: Masters
  fullname: Masters, Elysia A.
  organization: Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Benjamin F.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9384-4840
  surname: Ricciardi
  fullname: Ricciardi, Benjamin F.
  organization: Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Karen L. de Mesy
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0176-1111
  surname: Bentley
  fullname: Bentley, Karen L. de Mesy
  organization: Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center
– sequence: 4
  givenname: T. Fintan
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2307-0397
  surname: Moriarty
  fullname: Moriarty, T. Fintan
  organization: AO Research Institute Davos
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Edward M.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-4854-9698
  surname: Schwarz
  fullname: Schwarz, Edward M.
  email: edward_schwarz@urmc.rochester.edu
  organization: Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Gowrishankar
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7521-6154
  surname: Muthukrishnan
  fullname: Muthukrishnan, Gowrishankar
  organization: Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35169289$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Osteomyelitis remains one of the greatest risks in orthopaedic surgery. Although many organisms are linked to skeletal infections, Staphylococcus aureus...
Osteomyelitis remains one of the greatest risks in orthopaedic surgery. Although many organisms are linked to skeletal infections, Staphylococcus aureus...
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StartPage 385
SubjectTerms 631/250/255/1318
631/326/41/2531
631/326/41/2534
631/326/421
692/699/255/1318
Abscesses
Algorithms
Biofilms
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical materials
Bone implants
Bone surgery
Bones
Humans
Immune Evasion
Immunity
Infectious Diseases
Life Sciences
Medical Microbiology
Microbiology
Microorganisms
New technology
Orthopedics
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis - drug therapy
Osteomyelitis - microbiology
Parasitology
Pathogenesis
Pathogens
Review
Review Article
Skeletal system
Staphylococcal Infections - therapy
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus infections
Surgery
Virology
Title Skeletal infections: microbial pathogenesis, immunity and clinical management
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41579-022-00686-0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35169289
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2677227265
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2629381565
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8852989
Volume 20
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