Characterization of infectious salmon anemia virus, an orthomyxo-like virus isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) virus is the cause of infectious salmon anemia in farmed Atlantic salmon. The virus has been shown to contain RNA with structural characteristics similar to those of accepted members of the Orthomyxoviridae. Further biochemical, physiochemical, and morphological charac...

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Vydáno v:Journal of virology Ročník 71; číslo 12; s. 9016
Hlavní autoři: Falk, K, Namork, E, Rimstad, E, Mjaaland, S, Dannevig, B H
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States 01.12.1997
Témata:
Acetylesterase - metabolism
Anemia - veterinary
Anemia - virology
Animals
Chloroform - pharmacology
Cold Temperature
Dactinomycin - pharmacology
Fish Diseases - virology
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
Heating
Hemagglutination Tests
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Neuraminidase - metabolism
Orthomyxoviridae - classification
Orthomyxoviridae - drug effects
Orthomyxoviridae - isolation & purification
Orthomyxoviridae - ultrastructure
Orthomyxoviridae Infections - veterinary
Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology
Rabbits
Receptors, Virus - metabolism
Salmon - virology
Virus Replication
ISSN:0022-538X
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Shrnutí:Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) virus is the cause of infectious salmon anemia in farmed Atlantic salmon. The virus has been shown to contain RNA with structural characteristics similar to those of accepted members of the Orthomyxoviridae. Further biochemical, physiochemical, and morphological characterization of ISA virus was undertaken to clarify its taxonomic position. The virus was found to be sensitive to chloroform, heat, and low pH and agglutinated erythrocytes from fish. Erythrocytes from mammals or birds were not agglutinated. Receptor-destroying enzyme activity was detected, and the nature of this enzyme was suggested to be an acetylesterase. The buoyant density of the virus was 1.18 g/ml in sucrose and CsCl gradients. The maximum rate of virus replication was observed at 15 degrees C, while no virus was produced at 25 degrees C. Actinomycin D inhibited viral replication, and viral antigen was detected in nuclei by immunofluorescence. The addition of trypsin to the culture medium during virus replication had a beneficial effect on virus replication. ISA virus contains four major polypeptides with estimated molecular sizes of 71, 53, 43, and 24 kDa. Electron microscopy revealed structures closely resembling the nucleocapsids of influenza virus. Mushroom-shaped surface projections were a distinctive morphological feature, which differed from the rod-shaped hemagglutinin projections of the influenza viruses. The data reported here support the relationship of ISA virus to the Orthomyxoviridae, although ISA virus differs from influenza viruses in some morphological characteristics and in showing restricted hemagglutination, in different specificity of the receptor-destroying enzyme, in different polypeptide profile, in being unable to replicate at temperatures above 25 degrees C, and in host range.
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ISSN:0022-538X
DOI:10.1128/jvi.71.12.9016-9023.1997