Extracellular vesicles: the next generation of biomarkers for liquid biopsy-based prostate cancer diagnosis

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death for males in western countries. The current gold standard for PCa diagnosis - template needle biopsies - often does not convey a true representation of the molecular profile given sampling error and complex tumour heterogeneity. Presently avai...

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Veröffentlicht in:Theranostics Jg. 10; H. 5; S. 2309 - 2326
Hauptverfasser: Pang, Bairen, Zhu, Ying, Ni, Jie, Thompson, James, Malouf, David, Bucci, Joseph, Graham, Peter, Li, Yong
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Australia Ivyspring International Publisher Pty Ltd 01.01.2020
Ivyspring International Publisher
Schlagworte:
Antigens
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism
Biopsy
Chromatography, Gel - methods
Communication
Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism
Extracellular Vesicles - pathology
Histology
Humans
Lipids
Liquid Biopsy - methods
Male
Medical diagnosis
Medical research
Metastasis
Physical properties
Plasma
Precision Medicine - methods
Prognosis
Prostate cancer
Prostatic Neoplasms - blood
Prostatic Neoplasms - diagnosis
Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology
Proteins
Review
Ultracentrifugation - methods
Ultrafiltration - methods
Urinary retention
United States > US
diagnosis
prostate cancer
extracellular vesicles
biomarker
liquid biopsy
ISSN:1838-7640, 1838-7640
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death for males in western countries. The current gold standard for PCa diagnosis - template needle biopsies - often does not convey a true representation of the molecular profile given sampling error and complex tumour heterogeneity. Presently available biomarker blood tests have limited accuracy. There is a growing demand for novel diagnostic approaches to reduce both the number of men with an abnormal PSA/ DRE who undergo invasive biopsy and the number of cores collected per biopsy. 'Liquid biopsy' is a minimally invasive biofluid-based approach that has the potential to provide information and improve the accuracy of diagnosis for patients' treatment selection, prognostic counselling and development of risk-adjusted follow-up protocols. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles released by tumour cells which may provide a real-time snapshot of the entire tumour in a non-invasive way. EVs can regulate physiological processes and mediate systemic dissemination of various types of cancers. Emerging evidence suggests that EVs have crucial roles in PCa development and metastasis. Most importantly, EVs are directly derived from their parent cells with their information. EVs contain components including proteins, mRNAs, DNA fragments, non-coding RNAs and lipids, and play a critical role in intercellular communication. Therefore, EVs hold promise for the discovery of liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for PCa diagnosis. Here, we review the current approaches for EV isolation and analysis, summarise the recent advances in EV protein biomarkers in PCa and focus on liquid biopsy-based EV biomarkers in PCa diagnosis for personalised medicine.
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.
ISSN:1838-7640
1838-7640
DOI:10.7150/thno.39486