Microbiota as diagnostic biomarkers: advancing early cancer detection and personalized therapeutic approaches through microbiome profiling

The important function of microbiota as therapeutic modulators and diagnostic biomarkers in cancer has been shown by recent developments in microbiome research. The intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and the development of cancer, especially in colorectal and breast cancers, emphasizes h...

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Published in:Frontiers in immunology Vol. 16; p. 1559480
Main Authors: Eslami, Majid, Naderian, Ramtin, Bahar, Aisa, Babaeizad, Ali, Rezanavaz Gheshlagh, Solaleh, Oksenych, Valentyn, Tahmasebi, Hamed
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 08.05.2025
Subjects:
Animals
biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor
cancer
Early Detection of Cancer - methods
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology
Humans
Immunology
microbiome profiling
microbiota
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Neoplasms - microbiology
Neoplasms - therapy
personalized medicine
Precision Medicine - methods
microbiota
cancer
microbiome profiling
biomarkers
personalized medicine
ISSN:1664-3224, 1664-3224
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The important function of microbiota as therapeutic modulators and diagnostic biomarkers in cancer has been shown by recent developments in microbiome research. The intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and the development of cancer, especially in colorectal and breast cancers, emphasizes how microbial profiling may be used for precision treatment and early diagnosis. Important microbial signatures, including Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum , have been linked to the development and progression of cancer, providing important information on the processes behind carcinogenesis. Additionally, the influence of microbiota on the effectiveness of treatments such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy highlights its dual function in improving treatment outcomes and reducing side effects. To optimize treatment results, strategies including dietary changes and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are being investigated. Despite these developments, there are still issues, such as individual variations in microbial composition, a lack of standardized procedures, and the requirement for reliable biomarkers. Integrating microbiome-based diagnostics with conventional approaches, such as liquid biopsies and machine learning algorithms, could revolutionize cancer detection and management. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the host–microbe immunological axis and discusses emerging therapeutic strategies centered on microbiota modulation to support human health. Further research is essential to overcome existing challenges and fully realize the promise of microbiota-driven innovations in oncology.
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Reviewed by: Monika Yadav, Sanjay Ghodawat University, India
Asiya Nazir, Abu Dhabi University, United Arab Emirates
Edited by: Nar Singh Chauhan, Maharshi Dayanand University, India
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1559480