Visual feedback-dependent modulation of arousal, postural control, and muscle stretch reflexes assessed in real and virtual environments

The mechanisms regulating neuromuscular control of standing balance can be influenced by visual sensory feedback and arousal. Virtual reality (VR) is a cutting-edge tool for probing the neural control of balance and its dependence on visual feedback, but whether VR induces neuromodulation akin to th...

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Vydané v:Frontiers in human neuroscience Ročník 17; s. 1128548
Hlavní autori: Hodgson, Daniel D., King, Jordan A., Darici, Osman, Dalton, Brian H., Cleworth, Taylor W., Cluff, Tyler, Peters, Ryan M.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 04.04.2023
Predmet:
electrodermal activity
electromyography
H-reflexes
muscle stretch reflexes
Neuroscience
tendon vibration
virtual reality
virtual reality
H-reflexes
tendon vibration
electromyography
electrodermal activity
postural sway
muscle stretch reflexes
ISSN:1662-5161, 1662-5161
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Shrnutí:The mechanisms regulating neuromuscular control of standing balance can be influenced by visual sensory feedback and arousal. Virtual reality (VR) is a cutting-edge tool for probing the neural control of balance and its dependence on visual feedback, but whether VR induces neuromodulation akin to that seen in real environments (eyes open vs. closed or ground level vs. height platform) remains unclear. Here we monitored 20 healthy young adults (mean age 23.3 ± 3.2 years; 10 females) during four conditions of quiet standing. Two real world conditions (eyes open and eyes closed; REO and REC) preceded two eyes-open virtual ' ' (ground level; VRL) and ' ' (14 m height platform; VRH) conditions. We measured arousal via electrodermal activity and psychosocial questionnaires rating perceived fear and anxiety. We recorded surface electromyography over the right soleus, medial gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior, and performed force plate posturography. As a proxy for modulations in neural control, we assessed lower limb reflexive muscle responses evoked by tendon vibration and electrical stimulation. Physiological and perceptual indicators of fear and anxiety increased in the VRH condition. Background soleus muscle activation was not different across conditions; however, significant increases in muscle activity were observed for medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior in VRH relative to REO. The mean power frequency of postural sway also increased in the VRH condition relative to REO. Finally, with a fixed stimulus level across conditions, mechanically evoked reflexes remained constant, while H-reflex amplitudes decreased in strength within virtual reality. Notably, H-reflexes were lower in the VRL condition than REO, suggesting that these ostensibly similar visual environments produce different states of reflexive balance control. In summary, we provide novel evidence that VR can be used to modulate upright postural control, but caution that standing balance in analogous real and virtual environments may involve different neural control states.
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Edited by: Harish Chander, Mississippi State University, United States
This article was submitted to Sensory Neuroscience, a section of the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
Reviewed by: Tiphanie Raffegeau, George Mason University, United States; Jan M. Hondzinski, Louisiana State University, United States
ISSN:1662-5161
1662-5161
DOI:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1128548