New insights into the mechanisms of diabetic complications: role of lipids and lipid metabolism

Diabetes adversely affects multiple organs, including the kidney, eye and nerve, leading to diabetic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy, respectively. In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, tissue damage is organ specific and is secondary to a combination of multiple metabolic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diabetologia Vol. 62; no. 9; pp. 1539 - 1549
Main Authors: Eid, Stephanie, Sas, Kelli M., Abcouwer, Steven F., Feldman, Eva L., Gardner, Thomas W., Pennathur, Subramaniam, Fort, Patrice E.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.09.2019
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Animals
Bioenergetics
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent)
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Diabetic Neuropathies - metabolism
Diabetic neuropathy
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy - metabolism
Dyslipidemia
Human Physiology
Humans
Hyperglycemia
Internal Medicine
Kidney diseases
Lipid metabolism
Lipid Metabolism - physiology
Lipids
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Metabolism
Metabolomics
Retinopathy
Review
Specific mechanisms
Diabetic complications
Diabetes
Lipid metabolism
Review
Omics
ISSN:0012-186X, 1432-0428, 1432-0428
Online Access:Get full text
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Description
Summary:Diabetes adversely affects multiple organs, including the kidney, eye and nerve, leading to diabetic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy, respectively. In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, tissue damage is organ specific and is secondary to a combination of multiple metabolic insults. Hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension combine with the duration and type of diabetes to define the distinct pathophysiology underlying diabetic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. Only recently have the commonalities and differences in the metabolic basis of these tissue-specific complications, particularly those involving local and systemic lipids, been systematically examined. This review focuses on recent progress made using preclinical models and human-based approaches towards understanding how bioenergetics and metabolomic profiles contribute to diabetic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. This new understanding of the biology of complication-prone tissues highlights the need for organ-specific interventions in the treatment of diabetic complications.
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Contribution statement
All authors were responsible for drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content. All authors approved the version to be published.
ISSN:0012-186X
1432-0428
1432-0428
DOI:10.1007/s00125-019-4959-1