Tuning Crystal Ordering, Electronic Structure, and Morphology in Organic Semiconductors: Tetrathiafulvalenes as a Model Case

Tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) are an appealing class of organic small molecules giving rise to some of the highest performing active materials reported for organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Because they can be easily chemically modified, TTF‐derivatives are ideal candidates to perform molecule–...

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Published in:	Advanced functional materials Vol. 26; no. 14; pp. 2256 - 2275
Main Authors:	Pfattner, Raphael, Bromley, Stefan T., Rovira, Concepció, Mas-Torrent, Marta
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Blackwell Publishing Ltd 12.04.2016 Wiley-VCH
Subjects:	Compostos orgànics Devices Electronic structure Electronics Estructura electrònica Field effect transistors Order disorder Organic compounds organic field-effect transistors Organic semiconductors Semiconductor devices Semiconductors orgànics small molecules structure-performance correlation tetrathiafulvalenes Transistors Tuning
ISSN:	1616-301X, 1616-3028
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Abstract	Tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) are an appealing class of organic small molecules giving rise to some of the highest performing active materials reported for organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Because they can be easily chemically modified, TTF‐derivatives are ideal candidates to perform molecule–property correlation studies and, especially, to elucidate the impact of molecular and crystal engineering on device performance. A brief introduction into the state‐of‐the‐art of the field‐effect mobility values achieved with TTF derivatives employing different fabrication techniques is provided. Following, structure–performance relationships are discussed, including polymorphism, a phenomenon which is crucial to control for ensuring device reproducibility. It is also shown that chemical modification of TTFs has a strong influence on the electronic structure of these materials, affecting their stability as well as the nature of the generated charge carriers, leading to devices with p‐channel, n‐channel, or even ambipolar behaviour. TTFs have also shown promise in other applications, such as phototransistors, sensors, or as dopants or components of organic metal charge transfer salts used as source–drain contacts. Overall, TTFs are appealing building blocks in organic electronics, not only because they can be tailored to perform fundamental studies, but also because they offer a wide spectrum of potential applications. Tetrathiafulvalenes are promising active materials in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), in which they exhibit high performances. An overview is provided of the use of this family of materials as a model building block for OFETs to highlight general concepts of organic semiconductors and their use in devices.
AbstractList	Tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) are an appealing class of organic small molecules giving rise to some of the highest performing active materials reported for organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Because they can be easily chemically modified, TTF‐derivatives are ideal candidates to perform molecule–property correlation studies and, especially, to elucidate the impact of molecular and crystal engineering on device performance. A brief introduction into the state‐of‐the‐art of the field‐effect mobility values achieved with TTF derivatives employing different fabrication techniques is provided. Following, structure–performance relationships are discussed, including polymorphism, a phenomenon which is crucial to control for ensuring device reproducibility. It is also shown that chemical modification of TTFs has a strong influence on the electronic structure of these materials, affecting their stability as well as the nature of the generated charge carriers, leading to devices with p‐channel, n‐channel, or even ambipolar behaviour. TTFs have also shown promise in other applications, such as phototransistors, sensors, or as dopants or components of organic metal charge transfer salts used as source–drain contacts. Overall, TTFs are appealing building blocks in organic electronics, not only because they can be tailored to perform fundamental studies, but also because they offer a wide spectrum of potential applications. Tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) are an appealing class of organic small molecules giving rise to some of the highest performing active materials reported for organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Because they can be easily chemically modified, TTF-derivatives are ideal candidates to perform molecule-property correlation studies and, especially, to elucidate the impact of molecular and crystal engineering on device performance. A brief introduction into the state-of-the-art of the field-effect mobility values achieved with TTF derivatives employing different fabrication techniques is provided. Following, structure-performance relationships are discussed, including polymorphism, a phenomenon which is crucial to control for ensuring device reproducibility. It is also shown that chemical modification of TTFs has a strong influence on the electronic structure of these materials, affecting their stability as well as the nature of the generated charge carriers, leading to devices with p-channel, n-channel, or even ambipolar behaviour. TTFs have also shown promise in other applications, such as phototransistors, sensors, or as dopants or components of organic metal charge transfer salts used as source-drain contacts. Overall, TTFs are appealing building blocks in organic electronics, not only because they can be tailored to perform fundamental studies, but also because they offer a wide spectrum of potential applications. Tetrathiafulvalenes are promising active materials in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), in which they exhibit high performances. An overview is provided of the use of this family of materials as a model building block for OFETs to highlight general concepts of organic semiconductors and their use in devices. Tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) are an appealing class of organic small molecules giving rise to some of the highest performing active materials reported for organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Because they can be easily chemically modified, TTF‐derivatives are ideal candidates to perform molecule–property correlation studies and, especially, to elucidate the impact of molecular and crystal engineering on device performance. A brief introduction into the state‐of‐the‐art of the field‐effect mobility values achieved with TTF derivatives employing different fabrication techniques is provided. Following, structure–performance relationships are discussed, including polymorphism, a phenomenon which is crucial to control for ensuring device reproducibility. It is also shown that chemical modification of TTFs has a strong influence on the electronic structure of these materials, affecting their stability as well as the nature of the generated charge carriers, leading to devices with p‐channel, n‐channel, or even ambipolar behaviour. TTFs have also shown promise in other applications, such as phototransistors, sensors, or as dopants or components of organic metal charge transfer salts used as source–drain contacts. Overall, TTFs are appealing building blocks in organic electronics, not only because they can be tailored to perform fundamental studies, but also because they offer a wide spectrum of potential applications. Tetrathiafulvalenes are promising active materials in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), in which they exhibit high performances. An overview is provided of the use of this family of materials as a model building block for OFETs to highlight general concepts of organic semiconductors and their use in devices.
Author	Rovira, Concepció Mas-Torrent, Marta Bromley, Stefan T. Pfattner, Raphael
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Raphael surname: Pfattner fullname: Pfattner, Raphael organization: Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain – sequence: 2 givenname: Stefan T. surname: Bromley fullname: Bromley, Stefan T. organization: Departament de Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 3 givenname: Concepció surname: Rovira fullname: Rovira, Concepció organization: Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain – sequence: 4 givenname: Marta surname: Mas-Torrent fullname: Mas-Torrent, Marta email: mmas@icmab.es organization: Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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(e_1_2_11_51_1) 2004; 22 e_1_2_11_114_1 e_1_2_11_16_1 e_1_2_11_137_1 e_1_2_11_110_1 e_1_2_11_39_1 e_1_2_11_133_1 e_1_2_11_72_1 e_1_2_11_91_1 e_1_2_11_30_1 e_1_2_11_57_1 e_1_2_11_99_1 e_1_2_11_53_1 e_1_2_11_76_1 e_1_2_11_95_1 e_1_2_11_11_1 e_1_2_11_6_1 e_1_2_11_104_1 e_1_2_11_27_1 e_1_2_11_127_1 e_1_2_11_2_1 e_1_2_11_100_1 e_1_2_11_123_1 e_1_2_11_142_1 e_1_2_11_83_1 e_1_2_11_60_1 e_1_2_11_45_1 e_1_2_11_68_1 e_1_2_11_41_1 e_1_2_11_87_1 e_1_2_11_108_1 e_1_2_11_22_1 e_1_2_11_64_1 e_1_2_11_115_1 e_1_2_11_15_1 e_1_2_11_111_1 e_1_2_11_134_1 e_1_2_11_38_1 e_1_2_11_19_1 e_1_2_11_130_1 Noda B. (e_1_2_11_34_1) 2004; 1 e_1_2_11_94_1 e_1_2_11_71_1 e_1_2_11_90_1 e_1_2_11_10_1 e_1_2_11_56_1 e_1_2_11_79_1 e_1_2_11_14_1 e_1_2_11_52_1 e_1_2_11_98_1 e_1_2_11_33_1 e_1_2_11_75_1 e_1_2_11_7_1 e_1_2_11_105_1 e_1_2_11_128_1 e_1_2_11_26_1 e_1_2_11_3_1 e_1_2_11_49_1 e_1_2_11_101_1 e_1_2_11_124_1 e_1_2_11_143_1 Williams J. M. 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Snippet	Tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) are an appealing class of organic small molecules giving rise to some of the highest performing active materials reported for...
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SubjectTerms	Compostos orgànics Devices Electronic structure Electronics Estructura electrònica Field effect transistors Order disorder Organic compounds organic field-effect transistors Organic semiconductors Semiconductor devices Semiconductors orgànics small molecules structure-performance correlation tetrathiafulvalenes Transistors Tuning
Title	Tuning Crystal Ordering, Electronic Structure, and Morphology in Organic Semiconductors: Tetrathiafulvalenes as a Model Case
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