Assessment of exposure to toxic metals and measures to address deficiency of essential trace elements in young children in rural Hubei, China

Children are exposed to toxic metals via diet and environment, which results in adverse health effects. Several trace elements are important for the nutritional status of children; however, little information is available for rural regions in Asia. Our goal was to assess the body burden of lead, cad...

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Vydané v:	Environmental science and pollution research international Ročník 27; číslo 17; s. 21581 - 21589
Hlavní autori:	Tian, Zhiqiang, Wang, Yanjun, Zheng, Jianzhong
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.06.2020 Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:	Aluminum Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution atomic absorption spectrometry Body burden Boron Cadmium Calcium calcium deficiency Children China copper diet Dietary supplements Drinking water dust Dust control Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science family Health risk assessment Health risks Heavy metals human resources Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry industry Ingestion lead Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Meals Metals Nutritional status Particulates Research Article risk Rural areas Selenium soil Strontium surveys Toxicity Trace elements urine Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control zinc Hubei China China Exposure pathways Children Rural China Inorganic trace elements Toxic metals Health risk
ISSN:	0944-1344, 1614-7499, 1614-7499
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Shrnutí:	Children are exposed to toxic metals via diet and environment, which results in adverse health effects. Several trace elements are important for the nutritional status of children; however, little information is available for rural regions in Asia. Our goal was to assess the body burden of lead, cadmium, and aluminum (Al) as toxic metals and calcium (Ca), zinc, copper, selenium (Se), strontium, and boron as trace elements in children. Multiple environmental samples, including soil, dust, fine particulates, drinking water, and food, were collected for each family. A survey was conducted by trained personnel to record detailed information about children attending a rural school. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected. The levels of toxic and essential trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We found that the daily intake of toxic metals was below the recommended maximum, suggesting low health risks. More attention should be given to the ingestion of Al by the hand-to-mouth pathway. Ca deficiency was discovered to be a serious health problem for rural children, with Ca inadequacies reaching 96%. The excessive intake of Se-rich products from industry suggests an increased risk of toxicity. This study highlights the health risks to children who live in rural regions and the importance of dietary Ca supplementation in school meals.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	0944-1344 1614-7499 1614-7499
DOI:	10.1007/s11356-020-08750-z